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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Verbs!. Weeks 1 and 2. Week 1: Verb (action word) Introduction Week 2: Noun (person, place, or thing) Introduction. Take home for the day. Key Concepts January 14. Verb agreement Latin pronunciation: Macrons Diphthongs. The Sentence.

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 Verbs!

  2. Weeks 1 and 2 • Week 1: Verb (action word) Introduction • Week 2: Noun (person, place, or thing) Introduction

  3. Take home for the day Key Concepts January 14 • Verb agreement • Latin pronunciation: • Macrons • Diphthongs

  4. The Sentence • Sentence=subject and main verb –everything else is just filler • I am • He is • Weepily, Wanda, having awoken late today, tells her instructor she deserves to be tardy.

  5. Sentence or Not sentence??? Sentence • The dog jumps

  6. Not Sentence • The dog good

  7. Not sentence To go

  8. Typical sentence • Sally walks her small dog always. • Sallywalks her small dog always.

  9. Sally walks her small dog always. • Subject: Sally • Verb: walks • Object: dog • Possessive adjective: her • Adjective: small • Adverb: always

  10. What sounds funny?? • Sally walk her small dog always. • Is this a sentence?

  11. What sounds funny?? • Sally walk her small dog always. • Sally and walk do not agree.

  12. Conjugation (the variation of the form)of walk • I walk We walk • You walk Ya’ll walk • He walks They walk

  13. Latin Conjugations • 1st Way: Amo, amare • 2nd way: Habeō, habēre • 3rd way: Alo, alere • 4th way: Audio, audire • *there are four conjugations in Latin…easier than English!

  14. I have, to have • I cook, to cook • I move, to move • I live, to live

  15. Verb I run You run He runs We ran You All ran tHey ran I will run You will run He will run Run! To Run—what is this?? • Definition: activity or state of being

  16. What kind of words are… • I, we, she, he, it, they… • Personal pronouns=signal which person does the action

  17. Keep in mind… • In Latin, like in Romance languages, you don’t always need a statedsubject or personal pronoun to accompany a verb: • “She loves” vs. amat • Amat: “he, she, or it loves”

  18. Pronunciation • A • e • I • O • U

  19. Latin Pronunciation • Syllables can be SHORT or LONG depending on the presence of a MACRON (hamburger hot doglong, short, short; long, long) • dāsvsdat • DIPHTHONGS --combinations of two vowels that make one sound--e.g. AE • Vita vs. vitae –this will matter!! ae- AIsle au- hOUse ei- rEIgn eu- hEU –(ALAS!) oe- OIl ui-mUY

  20. HW: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCDPTbaRcPE • http://english.clas.asu.edu/files/shared/enged/VerbAgreement.pdf

  21. Key Concepts January 15 • Infinitive • Latin Personal endings • First conjugation

  22. Principal Parts • When you look a verb up in the dictionary you get:

  23. Infinitive • “To love” is the infinitive • In Latin this is the SECOND PRINCIPAL PART • Amō, amāre, amāvī, amātus, a um • *vocabulary interlude!*

  24. To say… “to love” • Write: “amare” • “amatory” “amorous”etc.

  25. CONJUGATION • To conjugate a verb means to assign it person, number, tense, mood, and voice: • In English: I praise We praise • You praise You all praise • He/she/it praise They praise • What signals person and number? • Pronouns • Endings (have vs. Haves)

  26. Identifying a Conjugated verb in English Ya’ll went to class • 2nd. Person Person (who is the subject?) Number (singular or plural?) Plural Tense (when did it take place —keep in mind Latin has 6!) Present Mood (indicative or subjunctive) Indicative Voice (is the subject the doer?) Active

  27. Personal Endings • Instead of pronouns like ‘I’ and ‘you’, Latin relies exclusively on ENDINGS • To indicate the person • LOOK TO YOUR ENDINGS!!! • 1stSg.- -ō/m “I” 1st pl.- -mus “we” • 2ndSg.- -s “you” 2nd pl.- -tis “you all” • 3rdSg.- -t “he/she/it” 3rd pl.- -nt “they” • Tempus fugit • Cogitōergo sum

  28. Forming the present, indicative, active tense • Find your infinitive: e.g. laudo, laudāre, laudāvī, laudatus • Determine the verb’s stem by dropping the infinitive marker -“re” e.g. laudā- • Add the personal endings from the last slide

  29. Conjugate laudāre

  30. Now Conjugate: Vocō, Vocāre • 1stSg.- -ō/m “I” 1st pl.- -mus “we” • 2ndSg.- -s “you” 2nd pl.- -tis “you all” • 3rdSg.- -t “he/she/it” 3rd pl.- -nt “they” Find your Latin Infinitive (second principal part of the verb) and determine the conjugation of the verb (-are =1st conjugation/-ēre=2nd conjugation) e.g. laudare 2) Determine the stem by dropping the infinitive marker -“re” e.g. lauda- 3) Add the personal endings from the last slide

  31. First conjugation • Any verb whose infinitive ends in “-are” is the First conjugation

  32. Key Concepts January 16 • Second Conjugation • Imperative • Subject • Object • Adverb

  33. Second Conjugation • Long ē conjugation • N.B. When a long ē comes up against a –t or –ntending, the long ē shortens to an e

  34. Conjugate Salveō, salvēre • 1stSg.- -ō/m “I” 1st pl.- -mus “we” • 2ndSg.- -s “you” 2nd pl.- -tis “you all” • 3rdSg.- -t “he/she/it” 3rd pl.- -nt “they” Find your Latin Infinitive (second principal part of the verb) and determine the conjugation of the verb (-are =1st conjugation/-ēre=2nd conjugation) e.g. laudare 2) Determine the stem by dropping the infinitive ker-“re” e.g. lauda- 3) Add the personal endings from the last slide e.g. laudas in the second person singular N.B. When a long ē comes up against a –t or –nt ending, the long ē shortens to an e

  35. Conjugation

  36. Conjugate in present tense: • Terreō, terrēre, terruī, territum

  37. Imperative Mood • Imperative=commands—e.g. STUDY!!! To form the singular command, use the stem Laudārelaudā! Habēohabē! Carpē diem! Salvē , Regina!

  38. Imperative Mood • Imperative=commands—e.g. STUDY!!! To form the plural command, use the stem +te Laudārelaudāte! Habēohabēte! Carpē diem! Salvē , Regina!

  39. Object • Carpē diem! –seize the day • What part of speech is “day”?

  40. Subject Tempus fugit— “Time flies” What part of speech is time?

  41. Vocative!(from voco, vocare) • Salvē Regina! • What part of speech is Regina???

  42. Subject • The dog runs

  43. Object • I like cats.

  44. Subject • We like to eat bbq.

  45. Object • We like to eat bbq.

  46. Vocative! • Hey ya’ll, what’s up?

  47. What does it mean to “morph”? • Morphology=the changing of grammatical forms Amo, amas, amat…

  48. Syntax • How the words fit together. • Caesar diem amat.

  49. Break for Adverbs • Slowslowly • Always, never, sometimes • Not ___

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