Welcome to Retreat 2010

1. Welcome to Retreat 2010 Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Integrated Nutrition and Metabolic Processes

2. Introduction to The Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Integrated Nutrition and Metabolic Processes Concetta C. DiRusso, Ph.D. Department of Nutrition and Health Science Department of Biochemistry University of Nebraska - Lincoln

3. Why has food been villanized? “Our menu is divided into three sections: Cancer causing foods, artery clogging foods, and foods that are being boycotted for political reasons.”

4. Why has fat been villanized?

5. State-specific Prevalence of Obesity* Among U.S. Adults, by Race/Ethnicity, 2006-2008 White non-Hispanic Black non-Hispanic Hispanic (*BMI 30)

7. NAFLD, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

8. Health Consequences of Obesity * Coronary heart disease and Stroke * Type 2 diabetes * Cancers (endometrial, breast, and colon) * Hypertension * Dyslipidemia (high total cholesterol or triglycerides) * Liver and Gallbladder disease * Sleep apnea and respiratory problems * Osteoarthritis * Immune dysfunction

10. ? Genetics Nutrition Activity Behavior Economics ?

11. Obesity 1 Muscle Adipose tissue doesn't respond to insulin Sends out toxic compounds: High levels of fatty acids Signals of inflammation, “Adipokines” Muscle doesn't respond to insulin Burns fatty acids but also stores fat Blood glucose levels rise Pancreas Pancreas tries to make more insulin but is confused by both high glucose and high free fatty acids in blood. Cells begin to die from toxic fat and “adipokines” 2 3 4 Atherosclerosis 5 Liver Liver responds to high blood glucose levels Makes more fat Makes more cholesterol Stops clearing cholesterol Makes blood clotting factors

12. Cancer * Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms and implications. Stickel and Hellerbrand Online version Gut 2010;59:1303-1307

13. The “thrifty genotype” hypothesis According to the "thrifty genotype" hypothesis, the same genes that helped our ancestors survive occasional famines are now being challenged by environments in which food is plentiful year round. Genetics

14. Observed shifts in gut microbial populations with obesity Normal Weight Gastric Bypass Obese Yourka, et al PNAS October 19, 2010 vol. 107 pp. 18226-18231

15. What causes obesity-related illness? and also….Tame your gut microbial community

17. A New Paradigm for Nutrition-related Disease Research Integrate Collaborate Translate

18. NIH Obesity Research Task Force strategic plan: “Strengthening and diversifying the pool of researchers who are dedicated to understanding and ameliorating obesity and its many adverse outcomes is a priority for NIH. This commitment includes attracting and training a cadre of researchers with a wide range of knowledge and skills, such as expertise in the basic, clinical, behavioral, and social sciences...”

19. The objectives of the CINMP for NU [1] Expand the biomedical infrastructure to link research on nutrition, biofortification of foods, and healthy eating practices; [2] Increase the research profile [3] Buildresearch infrastructure [4] Mentor talented young faculty to become prominent members of the scientific community

20. The objective of mentoring is to guide success in tenure track faculty line particularly in research • Acquisition of independent NIH or other major federal funding • Publication of manuscripts in prominent peer-reviewed journals • Active participation in professional societies • Service on peer-review panels and editorial boards • Speaking at national and international scientific conferences • Mentoring students and post-doctoral fellows

21. Support within the CINMP [1] Strong mentorship team composed of internationally recognized NU faculty led by a dedicated director [2] External advisory board made up of outstanding leaders in the fields of biomedical, nutrition, and behavioral research [3] Robust institutional commitment and support “I'm a great believer in luck, and I find the harder I work the more I have of it.” Thomas Jefferson

22. CINMP Phase I Focus Areas • Gut microbiology and immunology • Hepatic and gastrointestinal metabolism and metabolic regulation • Biofortification of foods through breeding and genetic engineering • Population based interventions in nutritional practices

23. Possible CINMP Phase II Focus Area Expansion • Nutrient-to-Neuronal signaling and regulation [gut-hypothalamic axis] • Dietary influences on cardiovascular fitness and performance • Genetics/epigenetics of obesity and comorbidities • microRNAs in regulation of nutrient-dependent gene expression • Nutritional enhancement for improved digestion and absorption • Population based interventions in nutritional practices

24. Formulating a Budget • Total budget cannot exceed $1.5 Million per year for 5 years • Core facilities [Computational and Translational] • Administrative core • Projects • Mentor Stipends • External Advisory Board Members travel and honorarium • Symposia, website, outreach • Seed Grants

25. We are here!

26. CINMP Human Resources Melanie Simpson Mentoring Team Project Investigators Leadership Team Paul N. Black Project 1 Edward Harris Andrew Benson External Advisory Board Deans Chairs Project 2 Jens Walter Terry T-K Huang, Co-investigator Jennifer Larsen Vice Chancellor for Research, Prem Paul CINMP Director, Concetta DiRusso Project 3 Daniel Peterson Thomas Clemente Project 4 Phyllis Nsiah-Kumi Project 5 [Biofortification of food crops] Edgar Cahoon, Co-investigator

27. Team 1 New Investigators

28. Action Plan

29. Action Plan

30. CINMP: Broadening and Integrating Its Impact Innovation Campus Education Extension Public Policy

31. CINMP: Research expansion and longevity of the Center CoBRE AFRI RO1, P01 NSF, USDA, others REU T32 IGERT

32. Center’s Ultimate Impact

34. MOVE EAT FOOD