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Christian Zionism and Early 20 th c Palestine

Christian Zionism and Early 20 th c Palestine. IAFS/JWST 3650. Outline. Christian Zionism The “Empty Land” Myth Palestinian Nationalism. Christian Zionism in England. 1290 : expulsion of English Jews 17 th c: resettlement of English Jews English support for Jewish Restoration.

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Christian Zionism and Early 20 th c Palestine

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  1. Christian Zionismand Early 20th c Palestine IAFS/JWST 3650

  2. Outline • Christian Zionism • The “Empty Land” Myth • Palestinian Nationalism

  3. Christian Zionism in England • 1290: expulsion of English Jews • 17th c: resettlement of English Jews • English support for Jewish Restoration

  4. RestorationistBeliefs • Jewish return to Holy Land • and Jewish conversion to Christianity • >>> Second Coming

  5. Isaiah 60:9-12 • 10And the sons of strangers shall build up thy walls, and their kings shall minister unto thee . . . • 12 For the nation and kingdom that will not serve thee shall perish.

  6. Lord Shaftesbury (1801-1885) • Religious faith in restoration • Imperial justifications • Society for Promoting Christianity Amongst the Jews (failure)

  7. British Views on Zionism • Christian support • Jewish opposition

  8. So What? • British Christian support for Zionist settlement as important context for Britain’s WWI actions

  9. The Empty Land Myth • “A land without people for a people without a land” • Phrase attributed to Herzl • Zangwill, 1901: “Palestine is a country without a people; the Jews are a people without a country.” Zangwill

  10. Origins of “Empty Land” Myth • Shaftesbury, 1853: “a country without a nation' needed 'a nation without a country” • Stoddard, 1897: “you are a people without a country; there is a country without a people” Shaftesbury

  11. Jewish Resistanceto “Empty Land” Myth • AhadHa’am, 1891: “this is not the case” • Nordau, 1897: reproach to Herzl Nordau Ha’am

  12. Jewish Resistanceto “Empty Land” Myth • Epstein, 1907: “there is in our beloved land an entire nation” • Ben-Gurion: “Palestine is not an empty country” Ben- Gurion Epstein

  13. Quickthink Why is it significant that the “empty land” phrase originated (twice) with gentile Zionists?

  14. Palestinian Nationalism • Role of religious festivals and holy sites • Nationalist as framework for tension • NajibAzouri, 1905: opposition between “the awakening of the Arab nation and the latent effort of the Jews to reconstitute . . . Israel”

  15. Palestinian Nationalism • 1908: al-Karmal • 1911: Filastin

  16. Palestinian Nationalism • 1908 as watershed • Young Turk revolution • Jaffa clash

  17. Palestinian Nationalism • Fulacontroversy • Zionism-Crusader link • 1911 clash at Fula

  18. Palestinian Reactions:Yusuf al-Khalidi (1899) • “Historically it is your country” but Zionism’s implementation would require “brute force.” • “Let Palestine be left in peace.” Yusuf al-Khalidi

  19. Palestinian Reactions • RuhiBey al-Khalidi, 1909: Jews will “displace Arab farmers” • General Summons to the Palestinians, 1914: “In the name of our country, Palestine . . . do not sell” your land RuhiBey al-Khalidi

  20. Jewish Migration • 1880-1914: ~3 million Jews left Russia • 1904-1914: 90% of Zionist settlers left Palestine • Bilu’s lasting influence

  21. Palestine before WWI • 40 Jewish settlements • 60,000 Jews (~8% of population)

  22. Conclusions • Christian support for Zionist settlement • “Empty Land” idea • Christian roots • Zionist practice

  23. Conclusions • Growing Palestinian nationalism • Limited appeal of Zionist idea

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