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Chapter 51 Notes. Behavioral Biology. Introduction to Behavior. Behavior : what an animal does and how it does it Behavior can result from both genes and environmental factors - not nature vs. nurture -still some behaviors are innate ex. young birds begging for food.
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Chapter 51 Notes Behavioral Biology
Introduction to Behavior Behavior: what an animal does and how it does it Behavior can result from both genes and environmental factors - not nature vs. nurture -still some behaviors are innate ex. young birds begging for food
Introduction to Behavior Behavioral biology is connected to ethology: the study of animal behavior in natural conditions - Fixed action pattern: behavioral acts that is unchangeable and carried to completion - sometimes triggered by a sign stimulus
Introduction to Behavior Behavioral ecology views behavior as an evolutionary adaptation - natural selection will favor behavior patterns that enhance survival ex. foraging: mechanisms to recognize, search for, and capture food
Learning Learning is the modification of behavior resulting from specific experiences. - most innate behaviors improve with performance Modification is when behaviors change because of ongoing developmental changes
Learning Habituation: type of learning that involves a loss of responsiveness to stimuli that convey little or no information - ex. the “cry-wolf” effect
Learning Imprinting is a type of learning that is limited to a specific time period in an animal’s life and that is irreversible. Time of learning is called the sensitive period. - ex. mother-offspring bonding
Learning Many animals can learn to associate one stimulus to another Associative learning: the connecting of one stimulus to another - ex. Pavlov’s dog Classical conditioning: involves learning to associate an arbitrary stimulus with a reward or punishment
Learning Operant conditioning: trial-and-error learning. Animals learn to associate one of its behaviors with a reward or punishment
Animal Cognition Cognition: the ability of an animal’s nervous system to perceive, store, process, and use information gathered by sensory receptors.
Animal Cognition Animals use various cognitive mechanisms during movement Kinesis: a simple change in activity or turning rate in response to a stimulus Taxis: an automatic movement toward or away from a stimulus
Animal Cognition Honey bees use a cognitive map made up of several landmarks to help them locate their hive and flowers. Migration, or the regular movement over long distances, is an advanced form of cognition
