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Simple Distillation

Simple Distillation. Introduction. A pure liquid is recovered from a mixed solution Specific vapor temperature of a liquid is observed Simple distillation is effective for mixtures where vapor pressures are not close to each other. Demonstration.

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Simple Distillation

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  1. Simple Distillation

  2. Introduction • A pure liquid is recovered from a mixed solution • Specific vapor temperature of a liquid is observed • Simple distillation is effective for mixtures where vapor pressures are not close to each other.

  3. Demonstration • When the vapor temperature reaches ~78º the pure ethanol boils since the intermolecular attractions among the molecule have been broken apart and ethanol vapor travels into the condenser • The vapor condenses to pure liquid ethanol in the condenser and is collected in the receiving flask as the distillate

  4. Concepts • Distillation Apparatus • Purification of Liquids • Changes of State

  5. Distillation Apparatus Thermometer Condenser Still Head Boiling flask Receiving Flask Out Water In Heat Boilingchip

  6. Purification of Liquids • When a solution reaches the boiling point of a constituent, the substance will vaporize. • When the vapors of the substance reach the condenser, they cool and condense into pure liquid. • The pure liquid is collected in the receiving flask until the solution stops boiling • What about Relux?

  7. Vapor Condensation • The pure liquid vaporizes at a specific temperature for the substance – the boiling point. • Cool water is run through the condenser to cool the vapor below its boiling point • A phase change is demonstrated • Latent Heat vs Sensible Heat?

  8. Conclusions • Any mixed solutions can be purified with simple and fractional distillations • Distillation is a very important method to purify and separate liquids

  9. Comments • Rhodamine salts are a fluorescing dye and have been used in lasers. • Ethanol is a common solvent. • Boiling chips prevent “bumping” of the solution.

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