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C IRCULAR BIOECONOMY and CLEAN ENERGY

C IRCULAR BIOECONOMY and CLEAN ENERGY. 1st Balkan Clean Energy Transition Fair and Conference - BCET2019 Exhibition Centre of Western Macedonia , Koila Village, Kozani , Greece 19 – 22 September 2019. Dr. Electra Papadopoulou. I ssues that humanity is called to address.

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C IRCULAR BIOECONOMY and CLEAN ENERGY

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  1. CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY and CLEAN ENERGY 1st Balkan Clean Energy Transition Fair and Conference - BCET2019 Exhibition Centre of Western Macedonia, KoilaVillage, Kozani, Greece 19 – 22 September 2019 Dr. Electra Papadopoulou

  2. Issuesthat humanity is called to address 70% more food Oil reserves are running out Τhe population is growing rapidly 2050: earth population 9 billions Due to the population growth by 2030 we will need: 30% more water 45% more energy calculation forecast estimation 2100 2010 Increasing demand for resources of consumer goods More waste Increased environmental pollution (CO2, etc.) Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projections_of_population_growth

  3. Circular Bioeconomy vs linear economy • what should be done • how it can be done Agriculture Forestry Water & Fisheries EU Bioeconomy Strategy + Action Plan circular economy Climate bioeconomy Industry/Energy Circular Bioeconomy = Sustainable economy based on renewable (bio) sources Clean energy

  4. What is clean energy Clean energy = energy free of greenhouse gas emissions • Renewable energy (bioenergy) - sustainable energy from biomass, sun, wind, tidal, ocean, geothermal and hydro resources. • Alternative energy- not infinite in supply. It includes resources like natural gas, natural gas cogeneration, fuel cells or any waste energy that does not naturally replenish but emits very low carbon emissions. https://www.solup.com/the-difference-between-alternative-and-renewable-energy/

  5. Renewable energysources Biomass is the only renewable source that can give bio-based chemicals as well “Biofuels: liquid or gaseous fuels (for transport) produced from biomass”. "BioLiquids: liquid fuels for energy purposes other than traffic, including electricity and heating and cooling, which are produced from biomass" https://www.studymumbai.com/renewable-energy-resources/ http://www.europeanbioenergyday.eu/bioenergy-facts/bioenergy-in-europe/

  6. Biofuels (transportation) • Biofuels are liquid or gaseous fuels produced from biomass as defined by Directive 2009/28 / EC. Specifically, as defined by Law 3468/2006, the following fuels are also considered as biofuels: • Biodieselis fatty acid methyl esters (MIC - FAME) produced from vegetable or animal oils and fats and are diesel fuel grade, as biofuel. • Bioethanolis ethanol produced from Biomass or from a biodegradable waste fraction, for use as a Biofuel. • Biogasis the fuel gas produced by Biomass or a biodegradable fraction of industrial and municipal waste, which can be purified and upgraded to natural gas quality, for use as Biofuel, or wood gas. • Biomethanolis the methanol produced by Biomass for use as a Biofuel. • Bio-ETBEis ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) produced from bioethanol, for use as a Biofuel. The volume of Bio-ETBE calculated as Biofuels is 47% of its total. • Bio-MTBEis the methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) produced from methanol, for use as a Biofuel. The volume of Bio-MTBE calculated as Biofuel is 36% of its total. http://www.ypeka.gr/Default.aspx?tabid=292&language=el-GR

  7. Global biomass for energy The biomass produced each year on our planet = appx 172 billion tonnes of dry matter, with an energy content ten times the energy consumed worldwide at the same time. This enormous energy potential remains largely untapped, as recent estimates suggest that only 1/7 of global energy consumption is covered by biomass and mainly relates to its traditional uses (firewoods, etc.).

  8. Bright future for renewables (global) Source: https://www.iea.org/weo2017/

  9. Energy sources in the EU • The share of renewable energy (RE) in energy consumption increased continuously between 2004 and 2017, from 8.5 % to 17.5 %. • The Europe target for RE consumption is: • 20 % by 2020 and • 32 % by 2030. Sources: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/infographs/energy/bloc-2a.htmlhttps://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/infographs/energy/bloc-2b.html https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/infographs/energy/bloc-4c.html

  10. Renewable energy figures in the EU28 - 2017 The number of renewable energy jobs in the EU in 2017 amounted to 1.45 million The turnover for the renewable energy sectors in the 28 EU member states amounted to 154.7 billion euro in 2017, 3.6% higher than 2016. This indicates positive investment activities as this rise occurs despite falling technology costs and political hesitation in many EU member states

  11. Forecast of renewable energy (RE) penetration in the Greek market Energy consumption in Greece % RE in electricity – forecast % RE in heating – cooling – forecast % RE in transportations – forecast % RE in gross final energy consumption (GFEC) % RE in electricity - real % RE in heating – cooling – real % RE in transportation – real % RE in gross final energy consumption (GFEC) – real Forecast area Real consumption area Electricity Heating RE in GFEC Transportation Greece has considerable renewable energy potential, which has already attracted investment interest 2020 – 18% The National target for the share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy: 2005 – 6.9% Source: http://www.ypeka.gr/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=CEYdUkQ719k%3d&tabid=37

  12. Biomass for biofuels in Greece The total biomass readily available in Greece consists of approximately 7,500,000 tonnes of agricultural crop residues (cereals, maize, cotton, tobacco, sunflower, twigs, vines, kernel, etc.), as well as 2,700,000 tonnes of dry matter (branches, barks, etc.). Livestock waste Agricultural waste Annual waste generation in Greece is 58 million t / y, including agricultural and industrial waste (53%) and livestock manure (47%). One tonne of biomass equals about 0.4 tonnes of oil In Greece, only 3% of total biomass is exploited in bio-economy applications! (mainly as fuel)

  13. Biorefireny in Greece In Greece bio-refineries for the production of chemicals and products are available basically only in lab/pilot scale. However recently there are some few initiatives for the establishment of commercial units. http://www.connectivityweek.com/2012/hack

  14. Biofuels and biogas for transportation in Greece Locations of biodiesel plants in Greece • Today, Greece has • 25 biogas plants • 12 biodiesel plants - 130,000 m3 biodiesel (sunflower, rapeseeds, used cooking oils) = 93% of the biodiesel consumed in Greece Bioethanol is not produced nor imported in Greece Biofuels consumption in Greece is less than 2% Sources: CRES, 2018 Fortune 2017-http://www.fortunegreece.com/article/ta-dila-vimata-tis-elladas-pros-tin-kikliki-ikonomia/

  15. Advantages of using biomass for energy production • Preventing the greenhouse effect, which is largely due to carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by the burning of fossil fuels. • Avoidance of atmospheric sulfur dioxide (SO2) produced by combustion of fossil fuels and contributing to the 'acid rain' phenomenon. The sulfur content of biomass is practically negligible. • The reduction of energy dependence, which results from the import of fuel from third countries, with corresponding savings in foreign exchange. • Securing employment and keeping the rural population in the border and other agricultural areas contributes to biomass in the country's regional development http://www.epixeiro.gr/article/12958

  16. Disadvantages of using biomass for energy production The disadvantages associated with the use of biomass are, for the most part, difficulties in exploiting it: • Its large volume and high moisture content, per unit of energy produced. • The difficulty in collecting, processing, transporting and storing it against fossil fuels. • The most expensive plant and equipment needed to utilize biomass compared to conventional energy sources. • Its large distribution and seasonal production. http://www.epixeiro.gr/article/12958

  17. Opportunities for the Energy sector in Greece • The exploitation of agricultural and forestry residues  fuels equal to about 3-4 MT petroleum/y. • The exploitation of energy crops  30 - 40% of the petroleum consumed annually in Greece. • agricultural and livestock residues   3.5 billion m3/y biogas • available wastes could  21.9 TWh of electricity  39% of gross electricity consumption amount in Greece Anaerobic digestion For the period 2011-2035 the total new investments in power sector is expected to rise to € 28 trillion, corresponding to an average annual investment of approximately € 1,2 trillion. Source: National Strategy for Smart Specialisation 2014-2020

  18. Greece 2017: for 29 days could run on bioenergy only! Source: http://www.europeanbioenergyday.eu/your-country/

  19. Greece:progress in bioenergy - 2019 http://www.europeanbioenergyday.eu/your-country/

  20. The energy transition is underway https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/2019/08/16/the-energy-transition-is-underway-10-charts-tell-the-story/ 1. The Old World Will Move the Fastest - Most regions are moving toward cleaner energy generation but not at the same pace. Europe is forecast to be almost fossil fuel-free by 2050. The U.S. lags the world BloombergNEF’s New Energy Outlook 2019 2. In Asia, Coal Will Rise, But Fall Again - Coal-fired electricity will peak in China in 2027 and in India in 2038. 3. Most New Gas Power Will Be On-Demand 4. The Money Is Headed for Onshore Wind -Over the next 30 years, the world will invest about $2 trillion in new electrical capacity from fossil fuels and more than $11 trillion in zero-carbon technologies. 5. $4 of Every $10 Spent on New Capacity Will Go to Asia -The region will get $5.8 trillion in new capacity investments through 2050, roughly three-quarters of which will go to China and India. 6. Battery Investors Go Big - State programs and lower costs will encourage investment in utility-scale. 7. Where Green Power Is Cheapest Today -Clean (and dirty) energy prices vary globally. Coal is costly in the U.K. 8. The Debt Market for Sustainable Projects Has Exploded Green bonds have driven sustainable debt issuance since 2012. Last year, financial, corporate, and mortgage-backed issuers accounted for two-thirds of sales. 9. Green Technologies to Grow More Affordable -The relative costs of solar and wind will fall well below those of coal and gas. 10. Not Everyone Is Participating In the New Energy Boom -The number of U.S. solar jobs has climbed 159% since 2010, but women are disproportionately left out of the clean energy workforce—and underpaid within it.

  21. Barriers for the development of Circular Bioeconomy in Greece • Lack of public awareness on the environmental benefits • Disorganized and costly supply chain of raw materials • Huge bureaucracy • Low technical training around Bioeconomy • Instability of institutional and taxation environment • Lack of substantial efforts to create a framework for the marketability of 'green' innovations Greece has huge potential for Circular Bioeconomy development in many fields

  22. The Greek Bioeconomy Forum • .Who we are: Group of people from different disciplines with experience in various aspects of bioeconomics. • Our vision: the widespread idea of ​​the bioeconomy • across GreeceObjectives: to help accelerate the transition to a sustainable, • resource efficient economy through: • Promoting the benefits of bioeconomy • Influence on bioeconomic policy at national / regional / local level • Support the development and dissemination of a National Biosecurity Action Plan • Improving public awareness of the relationship with • what is possible through reuse and recycling • how we produce, use and consume products in a bioeconomy http://bioeconomyforum.gr/

  23. The Greek Bioeconomy Forum People founding and co-leading the initiative Constantine Vaitsas Internationalisationand Innovation expert Ex - Member of the States Representatives Group of the Bio-based Industries Joint Undertaking (SRG BBI) Dr.Electra Papadopoulou Chemist - Senior Researcher on BioPolymers/ CHIMAR HELLAS SA Ex-EU BioeconomyPanelmember Prof. Dr. Constantinos E. Vorgias National Kapodistrian University - Member of the Greek National Research and Techonology Committee (NRTC, Energy Section) Prof. Dr. Emmanuel Koukios Emeritus professor of Organic Technologies at the National Technical University of Athens, Greece Dr. Yannis Fallas Director CluBE Member of EU B/E stakeholders Panel http://bioeconomyforum.gr/)

  24. The Greek Bioeconomy Forum More than 100 members • Website http://bioeconomyforum.gr/) • that provides info and activities relative to BioEconomy, like • EU documents • EU & National calls for funded projects • News for events (globally) • Activities that improve public awareness and motivation 1stGreek photography contest (2018). • Twitter account (>100 followers) • Events: the 1st Bioeconomy event in Thessaloniki on 10 & 11 May 2019 https://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/ebtj/2/3/article-p137.xml http://bioeconomyforum.gr/)

  25. THANK YOU very much! “Not only is another world possible, but it is already on the way. On a quiet day I can hear him breathing”. Booker-award-winning Indian Arudati Roy ("The God of Small Things"): Dr Electra Papadopoulou Circular Bioeconomy Consultant ChemistBSc, Materials MSc, Mphil, Physics PhD Member of the EU Bio-economy panel (2013 – 2015) info@bioecoforum.gr & electrapapadopoulou@gmail.com

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