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Strata2.1 Forward Modeling to learn about the controls of Tectonics, sedimentation and eustasy on stratigraphic geometr

Strata2.1 Forward Modeling to learn about the controls of Tectonics, sedimentation and eustasy on stratigraphic geometry Strata2.1 is Open Source software was written by Flemings, Grotzinger, Morris and Nelson, 1996. Baltimore Canyon Trough. Movie produced by students Spinelli an Hotsinski

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Strata2.1 Forward Modeling to learn about the controls of Tectonics, sedimentation and eustasy on stratigraphic geometr

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  1. Strata2.1 Forward Modeling to learn about the controls of Tectonics, sedimentation and eustasy on stratigraphic geometry Strata2.1 is Open Source software was written by Flemings, Grotzinger, Morris and Nelson, 1996

  2. Baltimore Canyon Trough • Movie produced by students Spinelli an Hotsinski • http://hydro.geosc.psu.edu/Sed_html/movie1.html Sea-level drops produces major regional unconformity

  3. Mixed Carbonate-clastic systemsMiddle to Late Ordovician, Central Pennsylvania • The following movie was created by Roberta Hotsinski and Andrew Hoover: http://hydro.geosc.psu.edu/Sed_html/movie2.html

  4. Low heat-flux rift basin • http://hydro.geosc.psu.edu/Sed_html/movie4.html Sediment traps heat faster than it can escape (thermal blanket effect)

  5. High sediment-flux rift basin • http://hydro.geosc.psu.edu/Sed_html/movie5.html A thick thermal blanket traps heat in deeper parts of the basin

  6. Near-forebulge stratigraphy • Prediction

  7. Near-forebulge stratigraphy • Prediction

  8. Near-forebulge stratigraphy • Prediction Erosion

  9. Near-forebulge stratigraphy • Prediction

  10. Near-forebulge stratigraphy • Strata 2.1

  11. Near-forebulge stratigraphy • Strata 2.1 Erosion

  12. Input parameters in Strata • Sediment types • Compaction and composition • Tectonic styles • Sea-level changes • Heat flow Output data in Strata (versus time) Depth-sections Time-sections Wheeler plots Seismic responses

  13. Input parameters in Strata • Sediment types • Compaction and composition • Tectonic styles • Sea-level changes • Heat flow Output data in Strata (versus time) Depth-sections Time-sections Wheeler plots Seismic responses

  14. Sediment Types Clastic sediments Continental diffusion rate pelagic Marine diffusion rate Sediment flux Sedimentation rates

  15. q-volume sediment flux (m^2/s) k- diffusion constant h-elevation x-horizontal distance Continental diffusion rate Values can vary across the model and input in tabular form (x q1; x2 q2; x3 q3 etc.) Sedimentation rates

  16. Sediment Types Carbonate sediments • Sedimentation rate types : simple exponential decay (“epeiric”) • Sedimentation rate types : constant and simple exponential decay below a certain depth (“oceanic”) Sedimentation rates

  17. Input parameters in Strata • Sediment types • Compaction and composition • Tectonic styles • Sea-level changes • Heat flow Output data in Strata (versus time) Depth-sections Time-sections Wheeler plots Seismic responses

  18. Compaction and Composition Porosity versus depth- exponential compaction relation Sand-shale ratios based on water-depth or diffusion constants

  19. Input parameters in Strata • Sediment types • Compaction behavior • Tectonic styles • Sea-level changes • Heat flow Output data in Strata (versus time) Depth-sections Time-sections Wheeler plots Seismic responses

  20. Tectonic styles of subsidence • Subsidence increases linearly left to right (‘foreland’) • Subsidence is constant (flat geometry/’cratonic’) • Subsidence increases linearly right to left (‘passive’) • Simple elastic flexure or local isostasy (Te=0)

  21. Input parameters in Strata • Sediment types • Compaction behavior • Tectonic styles • Sea-level changes • Heat flow Output data in Strata (versus time) Depth-sections Time-sections Wheeler plots Seismic responses

  22. Sea-level changes • As a file (all parameters can be entered as such) • As a sinusoid

  23. Input parameters in Strata • Sediment types • Compaction behavior • Tectonic styles • Sea-level changes • Heat flow Output data in Strata (versus time) Depth-sections Time-sections Wheeler plots Seismic responses

  24. Heat Flow • mW/m^2 (e.g., 60 for continents) • Thermal conductivity is calculated as a funciton of the sand, shale and fluid content which may be derived from the sedimentation diffusion constants and water depths • Thermal maturation indices can then be calculated • Heat flow is one-dimensional (“hot-to-cold --`down-up”)

  25. Input parameters in Strata • Sediment types • Compaction behavior • Tectonic styles • Sea-level changes • Heat flow Output data in Strata (versus time) Depth-sections Time-sections Wheeler plots Seismic responses

  26. Input parameters in Strata • Sediment types • Compaction behavior • Tectonic styles • Sea-level changes • Heat flow Output data in Strata (versus time) Depth-sections Time-sections Wheeler plots Seismic responses

  27. Wheeler Plot Erosion sea-level drop time distance

  28. Input parameters in Strata • Sediment types • Compaction behavior • Tectonic styles • Sea-level changes • Heat flow Output data in Strata (versus time) Depth-sections Time-sections Wheeler plots Seismic responses

  29. Seismic Responses • Seismic velocity is calculated using the ration of sand, shale and water • Density for sand, shale and fluid is user-input • Seismic sections are displayed

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