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Emilio Aguinaldo

Emilio Aguinaldo. By Blake, Molly, John, Remsen, and Mike. Early Life. Aguinaldo was born on March 23, 1869 in Cavite Province in the Philippines He was the 7 th out of 8 Children His father died at the age of 9 of unknown causes

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Emilio Aguinaldo

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  1. Emilio Aguinaldo By Blake, Molly, John, Remsen, and Mike

  2. Early Life • Aguinaldo was born on March 23, 1869 in Cavite Province in the Philippines • He was the 7th out of 8 Children • His father died at the age of 9 of unknown causes • After he attended schooling in Manila he returned to Cavite Province where he began to realize his dissatisfaction with the Spanish rule • Aguinaldo joined a chapter of the Freemasonry (a government- and church-banned resistance group). • His leadership position started when he was appointed municipal captain of this group

  3. Philippine Revolution • In 1894, Aguinaldo joined the K.K.K. (the Katipunan)., a secret organization, dedicated to the expulsion of the Spanish and independence of the Philippines through armed force • On February 17, 1897, Aguinaldo and group of Katipunerosdefeated Spanish forces led by General Camilo de Polavieja at the Battle of Zapote Bridge in Cavite • A rival faction of the Katipunan killed Aguinaldo’s mentor and leader and he assumed the role as leader

  4. Biak-na-Bato • Spanish pressure intensified, eventually forcing Aguinaldo's forces to retreat to the mountains • Emilio Aguinaldo signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato • The pact, stipulated that the rebels would end hostilities and dissolve the government in exchange for amnesty and $800,000 (Ironically much of that money was later used to finance more attacks on Spanish government). The rebels were then to go into voluntary exile in Hong Kong • In April 1898, war broke out between Spain and the United States • American Commodore George Dewey provided transport to return Aguinaldo to the Philippines. Aguinaldo then assumed command of the rebels and besieged Manila

  5. Government • Within 5 days of returning to the Philippines he claimed control of all Filipino forces and established a Dictatorial government with him as Dictator • He wrote the Act of Declaration of Philippine Independence • He then established a “Revolutionary Government” with himself as President • Tried to help the Philippines through fiscal reform, educational reform, Constitutional Reform, and the reorganization of local governments • Established the Philippine Republic

  6. American Occupation of the Philippines • When the U.S. Annexed the Philippines the Philippine Republic claimed to be the legitimate government • The American tactics: segregate the civilian population from the Americans through “zones of protection” or concentration camps • General Otis was an American general who was famous for his inhumane actions on the battlefield and inhuman treatment of prisoners • Was told to avoid military conflict but did nothing of the sort • The Filipino army was said to treat their prisoners like “guests”

  7. Capture of Aguinaldo • Aguinaldo sent for a group of men to be sent to him to aid his guerilla war • The Americans took a group of loyal natives and posed to be the force that Aguinaldo had requested with the Americans pretending to be P.O.W.’s • The captured him with ease and he was taken into cativity by the U.S. but released at the end of the war

  8. Was violence involved? • YES! • The Philippine Army engaged in Guerilla warfare for the majority of the war • It’s estimated that anywhere from 12,000 to 20,000 Filipinos died from the war • There were 4,165 Americans killed and about 3,000 more wounded Battle of Manila 1899

  9. Did the U.S. Gain Influence • YES! • The U.S. Annexed the Philippines and refused to recognize the Philippine Republic as a legitimate government • After Aguinaldo was captured the rebels were even more decentralized and struggled to put up adequate resistance against U.S. control U.S. Soldiers Guarding a Bridge

  10. Did the power of those affected decline? • YES! • Emilio Aguinaldo was president of the Philippine Republic • After he was hunted down and captured by the U.S. he was replaced by a less competent man • The Philippine-American War was hopeless without a charismatic leader like him • Eventually the Philippine Republic lost almost all of its power until due to efforts by the U.S. military

  11. Did the U.S. gain anything economically? • YES! • The U.S. opened yet another market for their surplus goods • Had access to natural resources that could be refined in the U.S. • Most of all the Port at Manila offered a strategic military advantage as well as a place where U.S. businesses could maintain a strong trade network in the region

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