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The Byzantine Empire: The New Rome

The Byzantine Empire: The New Rome. Objectives. Describe the geographic advantages of Constantinople’s location Describe the role of Justinian in the rise of the Byzantine Empire Compare the decline of Roman Empire to the decline of the Byzantium Empire

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The Byzantine Empire: The New Rome

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  1. The Byzantine Empire: The New Rome

  2. Objectives • Describe the geographic advantages of Constantinople’s location • Describe the role of Justinian in the rise of the Byzantine Empire • Compare the decline of Roman Empire to the decline of the Byzantium Empire • Examine the reasons for the split of the Catholic Church within the Byzantine Empire.

  3. Setting the stage • The Western Roman Empire crumbled • For 1000 years after the collapse of the west the east would carry on the glory of Rome • The east would remain and become: The Byzantine Empire

  4. Byzantine Stations • Explain Stations • Start 1st station • Tomorrow • Finish Stations • Go over Rome Test

  5. Bell Work Station Quiz Get out station notes

  6. Objectives • Describe the geographic advantages of Constantinople’s location • Describe the role of Justinian in the rise of the Byzantine Empire • Compare the decline of Roman Empire to the decline of the Byzantium Empire • Examine the reasons for the split of the Catholic Church within the Byzantine Empire.

  7. Why the East? • Geography • Better for defense • Good location for trade • Bosporus Strait • Major trade routes b/w Asia &Europe meet • Control these gateways= control the shipping Asia Europe

  8. Emperor Justinian

  9. Reign of Justinian • 3 goals of Justinian • Re-conquer Roman lands • Simplify the laws • Glorify Constantinople

  10. Reconquering Roman Lands • Wanted to regain Rome’s glory • Created huge Christian empire • Ruled almost all the territory that Rome had ever ruled • After his death the lands were taken back

  11. Simplifying the laws • Justinian: group of scholars to organize the laws • If laws contradicted each other, which do we follow? • “Code of Justinian” • Decided legal questions in all areas • Marriage, property, justice, etc. • basis of law in the Eastern Roman empire for 900 years

  12. Building Program: Glorifying Constantinople • Larger building program than any other Emperor • Walls for protection • Marketplace for trade • Courts, schools, hospitals

  13. Hagia Sophia • Crowning glory of Justinian’s reign

  14. Hippodrome • Hippodrome – like Rome’s Coliseum for main events • where gladiator fights & chariot races were held

  15. Legacy of the Byzantine Empire • Modern world owes the Byzantines a huge debt? • They preserved Greek and Roman culture • Greco-Roman culture • HOW? • Valued education & Classical Learning • Greek and Roman • Grammar • Literature • Philosophy • Studied Homer • Geometry from Euclid • History from Herodotus • Medicine from Galen

  16. The End of the Byzantine Empire • Plague strikes the empire • 1453: Byzantine empire drew to a close • Muslim Ottoman Empire forces, conquered Constantinople.

  17. The Great Schism • What is it? • separation b/w 2 great branches of Christianity • East • Eastern Orthodox Church • West • Roman Catholic

  18. The Church Divides • The Western & Eastern Empires develop differently • Due to lack of contact • Differences grew • East was more oriented towards Asia and Northeastern Europe • Differences • Language • Marriage of priests • Leader • Icons

  19. Differences • Language • East – Greek • West – Latin • Marriage • East – allowed priests to marry • West – not allowed

  20. Differences - Leader East: Constantinople • church was headed by the Patriarch • spiritual leader • Patriarch was an equal to the political leaders West: Rome • church was headed by the Pope • Spiritual leader • control over the political leaders • Compare and contrast the leaders in 1-2 sentences: • Both are leaders of their church. Pope in Rome also had control over the political leaders.

  21. Differences - Icons • Icons – small art objects that depict a holy figure East West Opponents to icons felt that they violated the ten commandments In A.D. 726 Emperor Leo III ordered that all icons be destroyed. • felt that these icons represented the sacred • important part of their worship.

  22. End Result: The Split • A.D. 1054 the division of the church • the two churches were functioning as separate organizations. • A conflict about the ICONS was the last straw. • The Pope and leaders in the East excommunicated each other • Both churches claimed to have the authority of God behind them • The church in the West became the Holy Roman Catholic Church • The East became the Eastern Orthodox Church.

  23. To Do • Reading: Secret History • Answer questions

  24. Bell Work • Secret History • Go over answers

  25. To Do • Video: Justinian • Ancient Rome Volume IV (start 27 minutes in) • Justinian’s Head • Finish for Homework

  26. Bell Work • Read: Pope Urban’s speech • Answer the questions

  27. The Crusades

  28. Objectives • List and evaluate the causes and consequences of the Crusades • Papal power, connections between east and west

  29. What were they? • What are the Crusades? • Holy War • Pope Urban II • responded to the request of Alexius I to take back the holy land from the Muslims • called for crusades against infidels • Infidels were the non believers = Muslims, Jews • Goal: • To regain the Holy Land (Jerusalem) from the Muslims

  30. Pope’s Goal • Reunite the Byzantine & Roman Christians • Wanted to be the head of all Christians • Reclaim Palestine (Holy Land) • leader of all of Christendom

  31. Knight’s Goal • forgiveness of sins • Win glory in battle • Hero • adventure • Position in society • land • riches

  32. Merchant’s Goal • Wanted to control trade routes b/w Asia &Europe • Make money off the crusaders • Loans to fund crusades • Charge for travel & suplies

  33. To Do • Crusades Reading • Fill out 5 W’s and How

  34. Bell Work • Pair Share Crusades worksheet

  35. The 1st Crusade • Crusaders were well prepared for war • Unprepared for what? • the desert (to Jerusalem) • For 2 years they suffered, but they were lucky • Muslims were fighting among themselves • Outcome • Finally captured Jerusalem • Slaughtered the Muslims • 1120’s, Muslims began to strike back which led to another Crusade

  36. The 2nd Crusade • 2nd Crusade was a total failure • 1187, Jerusalem fell to Saladin • Sultan of Egypt & Syria • 3 important rulers then agreed to begin a third Crusade

  37. The 3rd Crusade • Called: The Kings’ Crusade • (3 kings at the start) • French King Philip Augustus • Caught a fever and went home • German Emperor Fredrick I (Barbarossa) • Fell from his horse in a river and drowned • English King Richard (the Lionheart) • Only one that continued • Found Saladin, Muslim ruler, to be chivalrous • Outcome • Agreed to a 3 year truce • Richard I negotiated a settlement with Saladin • Muslims controlled Jerusalem, but Christians could visit

  38. The 6th Crusade • Most successful of the later crusades • Fredrick II met with Saladin’s nephew • Negotiated a treaty • The pope was not pleased • Said it was a pact with the devil • Excommunicated Fredrick • The Holy Land fell to the Muslims

  39. Effects of the Crusades • Who sent all of the knights on the Crusades? • What was the goal of the crusades? • Were the Crusades successful? • Who looks bad? • What does this mean? • Decline in Pope’s power

  40. Effects of the Crusades • What was the goal of the crusades? • Who did the crusaders have to kill? • Why did they kill the Muslims? For how long? • What is this going to lead to? • Increase in religious intolerance

  41. Effects of the Crusades • Where did the European crusaders travel to during the crusades? • Who lived in this area? • What would be different in this area than in Europe? • What would happen then when these people went back to Europe? • What does this mean? • Increase in trade

  42. Effects of the Crusades • In the first crusades what town did all of the knights go through? • We talked about the main contribution of this empire, what was it? • What would be effect of thousands of people going through a city were everything is a copy of Rome? • Revival of Greek and Roman ideas

  43. To Do • In Class: • Crusades Video • Homework: • Review for Review Day - Monday • Test Tuesday

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