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Chapter 11: The Northern People

Chapter 11: The Northern People. http://virtualsnyder.com/pages/native-americans.jpg. Southwestern Desert Hohokam. • Out of all the cultures in the southwest, the Hohokam had the strongest Mexican influence in their pottery, clay figures, and copper bells. (Bulliet 277)

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Chapter 11: The Northern People

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  1. Chapter 11: The Northern People http://virtualsnyder.com/pages/native-americans.jpg

  2. Southwestern Desert Hohokam •Out of all the cultures in the southwest, the Hohokam had the strongest Mexican influence in their pottery, clay figures, and copper bells. (Bulliet 277) • They were located on the Salt and Gila river valleys of southern Arizona • Around 1000 C.E., they Hohokam had built a complete irrigation system that included a canal of 18 miles long •Their ceramic & agricultural technology expanded to neighboring people over time. They were often referred to as “Canal Builders” (http://www.desertusa.com/ind1/du_peo_hoh.html) http://floorcloths.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/hohokam-550x412.jpg

  3. Anasazi • Anasazi: Navajo word that means “ancient ones” to classify groups of scattered, but alike desert cultures in the present-day Four Corners regions of Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, & Colorado (Bulliet 278) •Had a well established economy on maize, beans, and squash •Distinguished themselves by their artistry and basketry (http://www.desertusa.com/ind1/du_peo_ana.html) • Since they were able to grow their food, they were able to build larger villages and underground buildings called Kivas (Bulliet 278) •8 large towns were built, with a regional population of around 15,000. Pueblo Bonito, the largest town, had more than 650 rooms of residences and storages. (Bulliet 278) https://healeylibrary.wikispaces.com/file/view/mesoamerica.jpg/34840977

  4. The Mississippian Culture • Located in the present areas of New York to Illinois, and Ontario to Florida (Bulliet 280) • Economically, depended onhunting and gathering and some domesticated seed crops (Bulliet 280) •Chiefdom government operated the Mississippian Culture, in which a territory could have a population up to 10,000. A hereditary chief would rule this territory, with religious & civil responsibilities. (http://www.nps.gov/seac/misslate.htm) • The chiefs would organize long distance trade, rituals of feasting, and gift giving that established relations with the people from the other territiories. (http://www.nps.gov/seac/misslate.htm) • Greatest urban center was Cahokia (present day East St. Louis, Illinois), which had a population of about 20,000 (Bulliet 281) http://farm1.static.flickr.com/1/173583_6bae7e1fdf.jpg

  5. Moche Civilization • Moche Civilization started in 600 C.E. in the northern coastal region of Peru (http://archaeology.about.com/od/mterms/qt/moche.htm) • Cultivated maize, quinoa, beans, manioc, sweet potatoes, and coca (ritually) (Bulliet 283) • They never established an orderly empire, or unified political structures. (http://www.stockton.edu/~gilmorew/consorti/1fcenso.htm) • Priests (elite class) wore tall, headdresses, gold marked their social position, & rich clothing and jewelry confirmed their divine status (Bulliet 283) • Common people spent time farming, to pay their debts to the elite. • Both men & women were involved in agriculture, caring for llama herds, & household economy, women had a special role in textile production (http://enloehs.wcpss.net/projects/candc/merg/rbmwrnmerg7/rdnmawrebmerg7.htm) http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1163/818151131_344a5e3f91.jpg

  6. Tiwanaku & Wari • Tiwanaku was located in Bolivia • Their diet mainly consisted of corn, coca, tropical fruits, fish, potatoes and grains. • Had relatively small population of 30,000, in comparison to Teotihuacan • Wari: • Located 450 miles northwest from Tiwanaku (near present-day city of Ayacucho, Peru) • Larger than Tiwanaku, almost 4 miles • City center was surrounded by an enormous wall & included a temple • Both the Wari & Tiwanaku declined around 1000 BCE • (Bulliet 284-286)

  7. The Inca Civilization • 1525, the Inca Empire had a population of 6 million people, that stretched from the Maule in Chile to northern Ecuador, and from the Pacific Coast across the Andes to upper Amazon, and south into Argentina • Men & Women took care of llamas, which they depended on for food, clothing, as well as food • Men produced iron and bronze weapons, as well as gold and silver. Women produced textiles from cotton and the wool of llamas and alpacas • The Inca Empire faced crisis in 1525, when the Inca ruler Huayna Capac died, and civil war broke out for the throne (Bulliet 286-288) • Capital was Cuzco

  8. Question 1: • What was the greatest urban center in the Mississippian Culture? • Cuzco • Wari • Cahokia • Sues • Elam

  9. Question 2: • What type of government did the Moche Civilization have? • Chiefdom • Kingdom • No government • Monarchy • Dynasty

  10. Question 3: • What two Civilizations had men & women caring for their herds of llamas? • Anasazi & Mississippian • Tiwanaku & Wari • Inca & Hohokam • Hohokam & Anasazi • Moche & Inca

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