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Coding 101

Coding 101. Priscilla A. Barnes, MPH, PhD, MCHES Assistant Professor Department of Applied Health Science School of Public Health Indiana University – Bloomington Mini-presentation to Hepatitis C Data Analysis Team January 3, 2013. What is a Code?.

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Coding 101

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  1. Coding 101 Priscilla A. Barnes, MPH, PhD, MCHES Assistant Professor Department of Applied Health Science School of Public Health Indiana University – Bloomington Mini-presentation to Hepatitis C Data Analysis Team January 3, 2013

  2. What is a Code? • A word or short phrase that is assigned to a portion of visual or language-based data (Saldana, 2008) • Types of data that can be coded: • Transcripts • Literature • Websites/videos • Emails

  3. Demystifying Qualitative Terms

  4. Coding is a cyclic, not a linear process Classifying, prioritizing, Integrating Synthesizing Conceptualizing A priori Open or grounded

  5. Coding ProcessFirst cycle of coding • Many approaches exist to coding data: • A priori coding • Previous research and theory • Research and evaluative question(s) • Questions and topics from interview guide • “Gut feeling” about data or setting • Open coding /Grounded data/Inductive coding • Generated by the researcher in directly examining data • Setting aside prejudices and preconceived notions • Typically used to develop new theory and process

  6. First Cycle of Coding • Grammatical • Attributes (demographic information about participants) • Magnitude (alphanumeric or symbolic code describing frequency and intensity) • Simultaneous (two or more codes apply to a passage) • Elemental • Structural (content-based on conceptual phrase representing a topic of inquiry relating to a research question) • Descriptive (noun word or short phrase capturing basic topic of a passage) • In vivo (word or short phrase from the qualitative data record) • Process (gerunds [“ing” words] connoting action in the data) • Initial (data is broken into discrete parts, comparing for similarities and differences)

  7. First Cycle of Coding • Affective • Emotion (labeling emotions recalled and/or experienced by participants) • Values (reflection of participant’s value, attitudes, beliefs representing perspectives or worldviews) • Versus (identification of in direct conflict with one another) • Evaluation (application of non-quantitative codes on qualitative data that assign judgment about merit and worth)

  8. Another perspective…

  9. Second Cycle of Coding • Focused coding (search of most frequent or significant codes to develop most ‘salient categories’) • Follows initial coding (type of elemental coding) • Selective coding (categories and subcategories become systematically linked with a central/core category – the one that has the greatest explanatory relevance)

  10. For our purposes… • Read the transcript first before coding • Begin coding by paper. You will need: • Method 1: Scissors, different color small post its, pen, pencil, highlighter, long envelopes, two copies of the transcript (one to read that is stapled, one to cut up) • Method 2: One transcript, different color small post its, pen, pencil, highlighter • Method 3: Make up your own method • NVIVO will be used at a later date • Focus only on the first cycle of coding (although it is called ‘first cycle’, you might review the transcript several times) • Once codes are identified, enter into the Excel spreadsheet found in the FTP • Meet with the team on Monday, Jan 7 or Tuesday, Jan 8 to discuss identified codes. We will begin the second cycle of coding together

  11. For more information and examples: • Salanda J. (2008). The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers. Sage Publications. Thousand Oaks, CA. [An electronic copy is located on the FTP] • Gibbs GR & Taylor C. (2010). How and what to code. Accessed January 2, 2013 at: http://onlineqda.hud.ac.uk/Intro_QDA/how_what_to_code.php

  12. Questions

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