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Chemistry of Life

Chemistry of Life. Bellringer. What do you know about the atom?. Nature of Matter. Chemistry of Life. Atoms. Smallest Unit of matter “cannot be broken down by chemical means.” Subatomic particles Protons – positive charge (p + ) Neutrons - neutral charge (n 0 )

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Chemistry of Life

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  1. Chemistry of Life

  2. Bellringer What do you know about the atom?

  3. Nature of Matter Chemistry of Life

  4. Atoms • Smallest Unit of matter • “cannot be broken down by chemical means.” • Subatomic particles • Protons – positive charge (p+) • Neutrons - neutral charge (n0) • Electron – negative charge (e-)

  5. Ion v. Atom?

  6. Atoms v. Elements v. Compounds Atoms - smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means Element – Group of the same atoms Molecule or Compound – two or more atoms bonded together. • Molecules are typically covalently bonded • Compounds are ionicly bonded

  7. Metals v. Nonmetals on the periodic table

  8. Covalent Bonding • Sharing of Electrons • Examples • CO2 • C6H12O6 • H2O • O2

  9. Ionic Bonding • Transfer of electrons • Examples: • Sodium chloride (NaCl) • Calcium sulfide (CaS) • Iron oxide

  10. Covalent v. Ionic

  11. Bellringer:Ionic or Covalent Bond? CaO NaSO4 CO2 H2O NaCl H2SO4 Fe(OH)3 C6H12O6

  12. Build a Molecule Lab

  13. Bellringer: 1/17/12 If you were playing with two magnets and decided to bring them together, describe how they would behave?

  14. Matter is held together by Energy All atoms want to be stable! They gain and loose electrons to become stable. This can happen by either ionic bonding or covalent bonding. When an atoms outer electron shell is full (8 electrons) its has reached stability. Bonds represent energy.

  15. Revisiting Bonding Covalent Bonding Ionic Bonding

  16. Polarity • Like a magnet, it is a molecule that has a slightly positive and negative end.

  17. Hydrogen Bonding • The attraction of polar molecules with hydrogen

  18. Water molecules attract each other Click on Picture!

  19. Water movement in plants

  20. Movement of Matter and Energy in Living Things Matter Cycle, but Energy Flows Video

  21. Pop Quiz

  22. Solutions and solubility • With solubility you have to know… • “Like dissolves like” • Polar things dissolve polar things • Nonpolar things dissolve nonpolar things • Because Ionic compounds have a positive and negative size they are behave like polar • Will these dissolve? • Water and NaCl? (Think of salt water) • Water and CO2 ? (Think of pop) • Water and sugar (glucose)? (Think of Koolaid) • Oil and water?

  23. Acids and Bases • Use the pH scale to measure the difference between acids and bases

  24. TEL-Con Write a paragraph using TEL-Con. Compare and contrast the difference between an acid and base (site examples).

  25. Macromolecules • Macro = “big” • Organic molecule = Macromolecules found in living things • 4 types of Organic Molecules • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids • ATP

  26. Food Label Activity Assignment: Each student bring in 3 food labels with ingredients. Between the 3 food label student need to list at least 10 different ingredients. Using the descriptions in the book on Organic molecules, students need to classify each ingredient as a Carb., Protein, Fat or Other. Once classified they need to identify the amount that is listed on the food label. Finally students need to classify whether the ingredient is organic or inorganic.

  27. Bellringer List the 4 categories of Organic Compounds. • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids • ATP (Bonus)

  28. Video on Organic molecules • Video

  29. Carbohydrates • Primary source of energy • Sugars • Polysaccharides (many) • Monosaccharides (single) • Made of C,H,O • Typically ending in “-ose” • Ex. • Sucrose • Galactose • Cellulose (only in plants) • Glucose is the building block of carbohydrates • Starch is a chain of glucose molecules that are bonded together. • Insulin is medicine given to people with diabetis (a chemical that helps them brake down the sugar)

  30. Lipids • Secondary source of energy • Also known as fats • Non-polar thus will not dissolve in water, but will in oils • Made of C,H,O • Ex. • Oils • Waxes • Fat body tissue

  31. Proteins • Third source of energy • Found in Muscles, make up structures of the body. Enzymes are also proteins • Building blocks are Amino Acids • Made of C, H, O, N

  32. Nucleic Acids • Genetic information used in heredity • DNA • RNA • Composed of C,H,O,N,P

  33. ATP • Like batteries • Pockets of energy for use around the cell.

  34. Bellringer: Enzyme Activity At which temperature does Enzyme A perform the best? At which temperature does Enzyme B perform the best?

  35. Energy Absorbing Reaction

  36. Energy Releasing Reaction

  37. Energy Absorbing v. Releasing

  38. Penny Lab • Analogy to the effectiveness of enzymes • Google Timer

  39. Enzymes • Help speeds up reactions by lowing the activation energy needed for the reaction to take place. • Lock and Key

  40. How does and Enzyme effect a reaction?

  41. Enzyme Video

  42. Enzyme Activity Know that one of these enzymes is found in humans and the other is thermophilic (heat loving) bacteria, hypothesize which enzyme came from which organism?

  43. Enzyme Activity Propose a hypothesis that explains why the rate of reaction catalyzed by enzyme A slows down at temperatures above 40C.

  44. Cycling of Matter

  45. Cycling of Matter

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