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Causes and Impact of World War I

Explore the long-term causes of World War I, including militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism. Learn about the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and the events that led to the outbreak of war. Discover the conditions on the home front and the use of new modern technology during the conflict. Understand the consequences of the war and the signing of the Treaty of Versailles.

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Causes and Impact of World War I

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  1. SSWH16 The student will demonstrate an understanding of long-term causes of World War I and its global impact.

  2. LONG-TERM CAUSES OF WWI: M. A. I. N.

  3. MILITARISM: • Glorification of the military; war was made to be romantic • Countries feel threatened, start building up military • Navy was most important branch to build up

  4. ALLIANCES:Feeling threatened by expansion & industrialization, countries began to form alliances with each other in case of war TRIPLE ALLIANCE (CENTRAL POWERS): TRIPLE ENTENTE (ALLIED POWERS): FRANCE RUSSIA (1917) GREAT BRITAIN UNITED STATES (1917) SERBIA ITALY (LATER) • GERMANY • AUSTRIA-HUNGARY • OTTOMAN EMPIRE • BULGARIA

  5. IMPERIALISM: • Competition to gain more territory with access to more natural resources and build the largest empire led to tension among nations

  6. NATIONALISM: • Strong sense of pride for one’s country • Big in France & Germany • Strong nationalism in Russia that caused Austria-Hungry to feel threatened • Balkan region: highest area of tension due to nationalism (known as the “powder keg of Europe”

  7. SHORT-TERM CAUSE OF WWI: • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austria) • Sarajevo, Bosnia • June 28, 1914 • Assassin: GavriloPrincip • Member of the Black Hand, Serbian nationalist group • Austria declares war on Serbia

  8. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfxrTD-kPps

  9. ALLIANCES KICK IN: • Austria-Hungary calls on Germany • Serbia asked Russia for help • Russia asks France for help • Germany declares war on France • Germany invades Belgium, Great Britain declares war on Germany

  10. WORLD WAR 1: CONDITIONS ON THE HOME FRONT

  11. WESTERN FRONT: • Germany v. France • Began digging trenches to protect their armies from enemy fire (trench warfare) • Caused a stalemate; battle lines remained unchanged in France for 4 years

  12. BATTLE OF VERDUN: • February 21-December 18, 1916 • Lasts 10 months • German strategy: to inflict mass casualties on the French in hopes of taking France • One of the longest & most devastating battles of the war • 976,000 deaths • French won

  13. TRENCH WARFARE: • Aerial of trenches • No Man’s Land

  14. “going over the top” was the only way to take territory

  15. “trench foot”

  16. EASTERN FRONT: • Germany v. Russia • Russia was the least industrialized great power during WWI • Poorly equipped to fight a modern war • Russia left war in 1917 due to revolution

  17. NEW MODERN TECHNOLOGY: • Machine guns • Long range artillery gun • Poison gas • Tanks • Airplanes • Submarines (U-boats)

  18. THE END: • USA joins Allies, helps Allied Powers win • Germany signed an armistice on Nov. 11, 1918 at 11 AM • Paris Peace Conference: *victories Allies met in Paris to decide Europe’s fate *”Big Four:” US, France, Britain, Italy *Wilson wanted “peace without victory” *Fourteen Points *League of Nations

  19. TREATY OF VERSAILLES: • Forced Germany to sign in June 1919 • Provisions: *War-Guilt Clause *Reparations ($30 billion) *Limited German military *took away German claimed territory • Mandate system: territories that would be administered by Western powers; became European colonies

  20. EUROPE IN SHAMBLES: • Because of stress of war, governments collapsed in: 1. Russia 2. Germany 3. Austria-Hungary 4. Ottoman Empire

  21. HAPSBURG DYNASTY: • Family that ruled in Austria-Hungary for many centuries • Collapsed after WWI due to food shortages, unstable government, influenced by Russian Revolution, and toll of war

  22. ROMANOV DYNASTY: • Rulers of Russia from 1613 until the Russian Revolution • WW1 caused tension among the Russians which led to revolt • Tsar Nicholas thought WW1 would help rebuild & industrialize Russia • War left Russians starving, soldiers were poorly equipped, men forced to fight

  23. COST OF WAR: • More than 8.5 million men died in battle • About 18 million had been wounded, many left disabled for life • 6-13 million civilians lost their lives • Most countries put all their money & resources into war, were left poor and dissatisfied (about $208 million) • Lost an entire generation of men

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