NINE ABDOMINO-PELVIC REGIONS

1. NINE ABDOMINO-PELVIC REGIONS

2. Maintaining Homeostasis • The body communicates through nervous and endocrine systems consisting of 3 basic components 1) Receptor • Detects a stimulus 2) Control center • Analyzes information • Determines appropriate response 3) Effector (Muscles or glands) • Responds to the stimulus

3. Trapezius Deltoid Pectoralis Major Bicep Rectus Abdominus Sartorius Quadriceps Anterior Tibialis Anterior Muscle Man

4. Trapezius Deltoid Rhomboid Tricep Latissimus Dorsi Gluteus Maximus IT Band Hamstring Gastrocnemius Posterior Muscle Man

5. Trapezius Rhomboid Deltoid Latissimus Dorsi The Back

6. Latissimus Dorsi Latissimus Dorsi

7. Deltoid

8. Rotator Cuff Muscles

9. _________ Pectoralis Major ________ Serratus Anterior Chest Complex

10. Bicep

11. Anterior Upper Leg 2. Psoas Major 6. Sartorius 9. Rectus Femoris 10. Vastus Medialis Oblique 11. Vastus Lateralis

12. Sartorius~ Longest muscle in the body

13. Quadriceps: 4 muscles into one group

14. 1. Gluteus Medius 2. Gluteus Maximus 3. Tensor Fascia Lattae 4. IT Band Lateral Upper Leg

15. Posterior Upper Leg 1. Gluteus Medius 2. Gluteus Maximus 3. IT Band 4. Semitendiosis 5. Biceps Femoris 6. Semimembranosis

16. 1. Gluteus Medius 2. Gluteus Maximus 3. Gluteus Minimus 4. Piriformis Posterior Muscles

18. Posterior Lower Leg 1. Gastrocnemius 2. Soleus 4. Achilles Tendon

19. Simple columnar

20. Stratified Squamous

21. Bone

22. Simple squamous

23. Simple Squamous

24. Simple Squamous

25. Nervous

26. Stratified Cuboidal

27. Stratified columnar

28. Stratified columnar

29. Stratified columnar

30. Nerve

31. Simple cuboidal

32. Smooth muscle

33. Skeletal Muscle

34. Cardiac muscle

35. Skeletal muscle

36. Stratified Squamous

38. Cranium Skull Facial bones Clavicle Thoracic cage (ribs and sternum) Scapula Sternum Rib Humerus Vertebra Vertebral column Radius Ulna Sacrum Carpals Phalanges Metacarpals Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals (a) Anterior view Phalanges Figure 7.1a

40. C1 Cervical curvature (concave) 7 vertebrae, C1–C7 Spinous process Transverse processes Thoracic curvature (convex) 12 vertebrae, T1–T12 Intervertebral discs Intervertebral foramen Lumbar curvature (concave) 5 vertebrae, L1–L5 Sacral curvature (convex) 5 fused vertebrae sacrum Coccyx 4 fused vertebrae Anterior view Right lateral view Figure 7.16

41. Movements at Synovial Joints • Gliding • Angular movements: • Flexion, extension, hyperextension • Abduction, adduction • Circumduction • Rotation • Medial and lateral rotation

42. Movements at Synovial Joints 4. Special movements • Supination, pronation • Dorsiflexion, plantar flexion of the foot • Inversion, eversion • Protraction, retraction • Elevation, depression • Opposition

43. Gliding Movements • One flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface • Examples: • Intercarpal joints • Intertarsal joints • Between articular processes of vertebrae

44. Gliding (a) Gliding movements at the wrist Figure 8.5a

45. Angular Movements Movements that occur along the sagittal plane: • Flexion—decreases the angle of the joint • Extension— increases the angle of the joint • Hyperextension—excessive extension beyond normal range of motion

46. Hyperextension Extension Flexion (b) Angular movements: flexion, extension, and hyperextension of the neck Figure 8.5b

47. Extension Hyperextension Flexion (c) Angular movements: flexion, extension, andhyperextension of the vertebral column Figure 8.5c

48. Flexion Extension Flexion Extension (d) Angular movements: flexion and extension at theshoulder and knee Figure 8.5d

49. Angular Movements Movements that occur along the frontal plane: • Abduction—movement away from the midline • Adduction—movement toward the midline • Circumduction—flexion + abduction + extension + adduction of a limb so as to describe a cone in space

50. Abduction Circumduction Adduction (e) Angular movements: abduction, adduction, andcircumduction of the upper limb at the shoulder Figure 8.5e