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Daily Jumpstart

Explore how organisms interact in ecosystems and the flow of energy from producers to consumers. Learn about feeding relationships, trophic levels, and ecological pyramids.

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Daily Jumpstart

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  1. Daily Jumpstart • Identify how you interact everyday with land, water, and air.

  2. Activity • Which organisms on your list provide energy or nutrients to the others? • What would you expect to happen if all the plants on your diagram died? Explain your answer. • Why is it difficult to make accurate predictions about changes in communities of organisms?

  3. Outside activity • Make a list of the organisms at school. • Make a digram that shows how the organisms interact with one another.

  4. Daily Question • Make 4 out of 2,5,6 and 8

  5. What are Tutorials?

  6. Quickwrite • What class do you currently find to be the most challenging and why? How might tutorials help you be more successful in this class?

  7. Walking outside you notice seagulls eating trash left from lunch, worms crawling up through the moist soil, the warm sun on your face, and many students roaming without a pass. What level (s) of organization are you witnessing?

  8. Energy Flow in an Ecosystem

  9. Energy Flow • Energy in an ecosystem originally comes from the sun • Energy flows through Ecosystems from producers to consumers • Producers (make food)= Autotroph • Consumers (use food by eating producers or other consumers) = Heterotroph

  10. Photoautotroph Producer That Captures Energy from the sun by: • Photosynthesis • Adds Oxygen to the atmosphere • Removes Carbon Dioxide from the Atmosphere Algae

  11. Chemoautotrophs • Capture energy from the bonds of inorganic molecules such as Hydrogen Sulfide Called a Black smoker (thermal vent)

  12. Tube Worms living in Black Smoker

  13. Consumers Heterotrophs eat other organisms to obtain energy. (e.g. animals) • Herbivores • Eat Only Plants • Carnivores • Eat Only Other Animals

  14. Consumers • Omnivores (Humans) • Eat Plants & Animals • Detritivores (Scavengers) • Feed On Dead Plant & Animal Remains (buzzards) • Decomposers • Fungi & Bacteria

  15. Feeding Relationships Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction from producers to various levels of consumers

  16. Feeding Relationships • Food Chain • Simple Energy path through an ecosystem • Food Web • More realistic path through an ecosystem made of many food chains

  17. Food Chain 3rd Order consumer 2nd Order Consumer 1st order Consumer 4th Order Consumer Producer(trapped sunlight & stored food)

  18. Food Web

  19. Create a Food Web and name Autotroph or Heterotroph

  20. Trophic Levels Each Level In A Food Chain or Food Web is a Trophic Level. • Producers • Always The First Trophic Level • Herbivores • Second Trophic Level

  21. Trophic Levels • Carnivores/Omnivores • Make Up The Remaining Trophic Levels Each level depends on the one below it for energy.

  22. The diagram represents the pyramid of biomass:

  23. Ecological Pyramids Graphic Representations Of The Relative Amounts of Energy or Matter At Each Trophic Level May be: Energy Pyramid Biomass Pyramid Pyramid of Numbers

  24. Energy Pyramid

  25. Energy Pyramid • About 10 Percent of energy available within one trophic level is transferred to organisms at the next trophic level.

  26. When Nutrients are of Short Supply • Primary Productivity: The rate at which organic matter is created by producers. • Affected by amount of available nutrients • Limiting Nutrient: is a substance in an ecosystem that is scarce or cycles slowly.

  27. Review We have 1 Liter of Energy = ______milliliters What is the main source of energy? • Plant • Insect • Snake • Hawk

  28. Energy in an Ecosystem • How much "energy" was USED by the insect? • What happened to the amount of energy from the plant that the insect didn't absorb? 3. What consumer in the food chain is going to have to eat the most food to meet their energy needs?

  29. Biomass Pyramid

  30. Biomass Pyramid • Deal with SIZE of organism. • Can be inverted when the producer is a small organism which multiplies very rapidly.

  31. Pyramid of Numbers

  32. Pyramid of Numbers • Population size in each trophic level at a particular time.

  33. Draw The Number Pyramid • Bacteria: 90 • Plankton: 100 • Fish: 85 • Shark: 50 How would the pyramid look?

  34. Today • Ecobottle Habitat Description • 1) Webmaster: Draws diagram of eco bottle and what is in each habitat • 2) King/Queen: Record procedure for set-up • 3) Lead biologist: Draw food webs • Everyone in their notebooks Must complete the ecobottle hypothesis analysis for the first 5 days

  35. Ecological Pyramid Activity • Work on Activity with your Partner • Take one cup at a time since there are not enough cups per pair. • Pro= Producer • PC= Primary Consumer • SC= Secondary Consumer • TC= Tertiary Consumer

  36. Ecobottle Observations • Date: 2/22/11 • Time: • General impressions: This is the first section you complete. Writing should be qualitative and should include observations like: the bottle smells like ??, water color? • Each Chamber: Write Quantitative observations. There is 1 fish left. There are now 5 grasshoppers instead of 3. There is a 6 cm ring of mold around the cap.

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