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1. HW: Make a real estate add for a specific geographical area of India RAP: Read pages 195-196 and answer the following questions: What is the major mountain range in India? What are the 2 major rivers in India? What is a monsoon?

2. CHAPTER 6: EARLY INDIA

3. THE LAND OF INDIA Fill in the chart provided about India’s geography. Label your map as we go along.
4. Brahmaputra River Starts in the Himalayas Monsoons add water the valley part of the river Floods slightly and leaves rich soil behind Joins with the Ganges River where land is especially fertile
5. Deccan Plateau Located b/w 2 mountain ranges Elevated and flat area of land Had flat rocky sections and also hillier parts with thing forests Dry with few rivers Monsoons provide most of the water Soil is good for cotton, but not for other crops.
6. Eastern and Western Ghats Mountain chains near the coasts of India Deccan Plateau sits in b/w the two chains Has steep slopes, narrow valleys, thick forests, and heavy rains Wet climate Rivers rarely flood here and are dangerous for travel
7. Ganges River Flows across northern India Starts in the Himalayas Carries sediment to plains, making it very fertile Water supply comes from melting ice and snow Dangerous flooding can occur and destroy crops
8. Himalaya Mountains Located on India’s northern border Mount Everest is part of this chain “Home of Snows” Water from glaciers on the mountains feed many rivers Earthquakes and landslides are common
9. Hindu Kush Mountains Form the border b/w India and Afghanistan Not as tall as Himalayas Many parts are unliveable Has the Khyber Pass, which connects Asia to India. Was used as trade route as well as for invasion.
10. Indus River Begins in the Himalayas Gets water from melting snow from Hindu Kush mountains Flows through Pakistan and empties into Arabian Sea Carries sediment and makes soil fertile. Has some of the best farmland in the world
11. Thar Desert Located in northern India Mostly sand and stone Has little plant and animal life Very hot Dust storms are common here No rivers
12. WIO: Rate India’s Geography With a partner, rate the specific geographical areas on a scale of 1 to 5. A rating of 1 means unsuitable for settlement and a 5 means very suitable for settlement.
13. Homework Design a real estate ad to convince people to settle near one of the 8 areas we discussed. Include the following: A catchy slogan 3 great reasons to settle in this place An illustration of the location
14. INDIA’S FIRST CIVILIZATION Began in Indus river valley in 3000 BC and lasted until 1500 BC Flooding creates rich soil Two major cities: Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro Called the Harappan or Indus civilization
15. Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro Well-planned cities that held 35,000 people Archeologists have studied the ruins and no written records Religion and politics were closely connected Most were farmers who grew peas, rice, wheat, barley, and cotton Traded with Mesopotamians Few weapons Prosperous, but peaceful Collapsed possibly because of earthquakes, floods, and Indus river changed course
16. THE ARYANS Lived in central Asia where they raised and herded animals Called Indo-Europeans who migrated south to India and Iran Cattle very important: used as food and money! Good warriors, expert horse-riders and hunters Entered Indus river valley in 1500 BC Expanded all the way south by 1000 BC
17. THE ARYANS BRING CHANGE Became farmers and raised cattle Eventually stopped using cattle as food b/c they were sacred Skilled ironworkers Built canals for irrigation Many types of crops Brought new language: Sanskrit Organized into tribes led by a raja (prince) Kingdoms sometimes fought each other over cattle, treasure, and women
18. SOCIETY IN ANCIENT INDIA Aryans helped develop the caste system: social groups that people are born into and cannot change Castes dictate jobs, who you can marry, and who you can talk to Color of skin may have contributed to development of system Sets the rules for everyone’s behavior and helped Aryans stay in control
19. SOCIAL CLASSES OF INDIAN SOCIETY Jati: Indian for the word caste Jatis are grouped together into 4 classes called varna
20. ROLE OF MEN AND WOMEN Family is the center of life Oldest man in family is in charge Men had more rights- inherit property, go to school Marriages were arranged, often married in their teens Divorce was never allowed but a husband could take a second wife if the first couldn’t have children Suttee: the dead men were cremated, women were expected to jump into the flames if their husband died. If they didn’t they became Untouchables
21. SECTION 2: HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM Hinduism: one of the oldest religions in the world and third largest Began with the Aryans in 1500 BC Believed in many gods and goddesses who controlled nature Beliefs written poems, songs, and epics in Sanskrit Borrowed some ideas from conquered people to form Hinduism
22. Hinduism (cont) Gods and goddesses are different parts of one universal spirit called Brahman Upanishads: ancient writings that say the soul is reunited with Brahman upon death A person must pass through many lives before unity with Brahman (called reincarnation) To earn a better life, Hindus must perform their duty and follow dharma of their caste Karma- consequences of how people. “What goes around, comes around”.
23. Hinduism (cont) Karma: consequences of how a person lives Might be rewarded with a better varna or class group Made people more accepting of the caste system Had to be happy with station in life and hopeful that they would get a better varna next time Believed the people on top deserved to be there
24. Buddhism 600 BC: some Indians began to question Hindu beliefs and wanted a more spiritual religion Founded by Siddhartha Gautama who was a prince born in 563 BC near what is now Nepal Why did people suffer and how could their suffering be cured? Left family and lived as a hermit and would meditate to find the answer
25. Buddhism (cont) Became known as the “Enlightened One” or Buddha Spent the rest of his life wandering and telling people what he learned Believed the everyday world was just an illusion The only way to find truth was to give up all desires, then you would reach nirvana (a state of wisdom)
26. 4 NOBLE TRUTHS Life is full of suffering People suffer b/c of desire The way to end suffering is to stop desire The only way to stop desire is to follow the Eightfold Path
27. THE EIGHTFOLD PATH Know the Noble Truths Give up worldly things and don’t harm others Tell the truth, don’t gossip Don’t commit evil acts Do rewarding work Work for good and oppose evil Keep your senses under control Practice meditation
28. Buddhism (cont) Did not believe in caste system Believed in reincarnation, but to stop being born into a new life, you had to follow the Eightfold Path Untouchables and lower class Indians liked Buddha’s ideas
29. Buddhism in SE Asia Buddhism split into 2 groups: Theravada: believed Buddha was a great teacher, not a god Adopted in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and popular in Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos Mahayana: Buddha is a god who came to save people, believed Eightfold Path was too difficult for most people
30. Buddhism in SE Asia (cont) Believed people go to a heaven and then can follow the Eightfold Path to reach nirvana Liked the bodhisattvas (enlightened people who stay on Earth to help others and do good deeds) Spread into China, Korea, and Japan Tibet: special kind of Mahayana Buddhism mixed with traditional religion and Hinduism Lamas (Buddhist leaders) lead the government Theocracy: religious leaders head the gov’t Dalai Lama: headed the gov’t Panchen Lama: headed the religion Many Buddhists live in Thailand, Cambodia, and Sri Lanka, but few live in India
31. Ch. 6 Sec 2 Hinduism and Buddhism Date RAP (left page) Design an ILLUSTRATED social class pyramid of the Indian caste system. Use the whole page to draw your pyramid like this: Brahmans Kshatriyas Vaisyas Sudras Pariahs/Untouchables
32. RAP Ch 6 Sec 2Hinduism and BuddhismDate Copy the chart on page 204 “Major Hindu Gods and Goddesses” Copy and answer the chart questions.
33. RAP Ch 6 Sec 3India’s First EmpireDate Complete the vocabulary chart by adding the important people: Chandragupta Maurya Asoka Kalidasa Copy and answer the geography skills questions on pages 210 and 213. TEST ON TUESDAY!!! Projects due on Monday!!!
34. Indian Literature Ch 6 Sec 3India’s First EmpireDate The Vedas of India- ancient hymns and prayers for religious ceremonies Epics- Mahabharata and Ramayana Kalidasa wrote poems, plays, love stories and comedies like The Cloud Messenger and Panchantantra
35. Indian Math Ch 6 Sec 3India’s First EmpireDate Aryabhata was one of the first to use algebra Other mathematicians developed the idea of zero (0) and the concept of infinity Created the symbols of 1-9 Invented mathematical algorithms (steps to solve a problem, which computer programmers use to tell computers what to do)
36. Indian Science Ch 6 Sec 3India’s First EmpireDate Mapped movements of the planets and stars Knew the Earth was round and revolved around the sun Understood gravity Believed the universe was made up of particles Set broken bones, performed operations and plastic surgery, and treated illness by trying to remove the cause of the disease