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Pronouns

Pronouns. *A pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun or another pronoun. * It can refer to a person, place, thing, or idea. * The word that a pronoun refers to is called its antecedent. Maria was lost. She didn’t panic.

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Pronouns

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  1. Pronouns

  2. *A pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun or another pronoun. * It can refer to a person, place, thing, or idea. * The word that a pronoun refers to is called its antecedent.

  3. Maria was lost. She didn’t panic. Maria is the antecedent that the pronoun she refers to. She checked the flashlight. It still worked. Flashlight is the antecedent that the pronoun it refers to.

  4. Personal Pronouns * Some pronouns are called personal pronouns. They have a number of forms to indicate different persons, numbers, and cases. * The personal pronouns are listed on your Hands-on Grammar cards: I, me you we, us they, them he, him it she, her

  5. Personal Pronouns * Person and Number: Personal pronouns can indicate singular, plural, or neutral person. - I, me, he, him, she, her, and you are singular - you, we, us, they, and them are plural - it is neutral

  6. Personal Pronouns * Case: Each personal pronoun can be one of two cases, depending on its function in the sentence – subject or object. - Subject: I, you, he, she, it, they, we Example: I needed the phone number. - Object: me, you, him, her, it, them, us Example: Sally gave me the phone number.

  7. Subject Pronouns A subject pronoun is used as the subject of a sentence or as a predicate nominative after a linking verb. Singular Plural I We you you he, she, it they

  8. Subject Pronouns Use a subject pronoun when the pronoun is a subject or part of a compound subject. The Apollo program was a great success. It got us to the moon. It, referring to The Apollo program, is the subject of the sentence. You and I both think of going to Mars. You and I are the compound subject.

  9. Predicate Pronouns A predicate pronoun follows a linking verb and renames the subject. (same as a predicate nominative except it’s a pronoun instead of a noun) Always use the subject case for predicate pronouns. The greatest astronauts were they. subject PN The first astronaut to land on Mars will be I. subject PN

  10. Object Pronouns An object pronoun can serve any of the following functions: direct object, indirect object, or object of the preposition. Singular Plural me us you you him, her, it them

  11. Object Pronouns Direct Object: The pronoun receives the action of the verb and answers the question whom or what. Bad storms scare me. Me is the direct object. Do you like them? Them is the direct object.

  12. Object Pronouns Indirect Object: The pronoun tells to whom or what or for whom or what an action is performed. Give me an explanation of how storms form. IO DO I told him the story of Hurricane Floyd. IO DO

  13. Object Pronouns Object of the Preposition: The pronoun follows a preposition. He threw the ball right at us. OP When he sees lightning, he runs away from it. OP * Always use object pronouns after the preposition between: Let’s keep this between me and you. OP OP

  14. Helpful Hint If the pronoun follows a linking verb, it is a subject pronoun. If the pronoun follows an action verb, it is an object pronoun. EXAMPLES: The best meteorologist is she. (subject case following linking verb is) The weather reporter interviewed her. (object case following action verb interviewed)

  15. Practice EXAMPLE: Yesterday the class and I studied a painting. subject/we • The painting was called Children’s Games. • Mr. Smith gave the class and me an assignment. • Find ten familiar games. Will someone list the games? • Tell Janice the games one at a time, please. • Janice will write as fast as possible. Go! • The painter’s initials are P.B. Can you name the man? • Was it Peter Berg? Yes, it was Peter Berg. • (He, Him) and his relatives were artists. • Five Bergs created important artworks. Admirers include you and (I, me). • Mr. Smith assigned Sue and (I, me) to write another report on this famous family next week.

  16. Answers • The painting – It/subject • the class and me – us/indirect object • the games – them/direct object • Janice – her/indirect object • Janice – She/subject • the man – him/direct object • Peter Berg – he/subject • He - subject • me – direct object • me – indirect object

  17. Possessive Adjectives Possessive pronouns show possession of an object. Singular Plural my, mine our, ours your, yours their, theirs his, her, hers, its its * Act as adjectives: my, your, his, her, our, their, its * Act as subject pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs

  18. Possessive Pronouns Some possessive pronouns can act as adjectives. Adj. Adj. His mother couldn’t believe her eyes! Other possessive pronouns can be subject pronouns. The fries and salad are yours. subject PN

  19. Reflexive Pronouns Reflexive pronouns end in self or selves and direct the action back to the subject. They are necessary for the sentence to make sense. Singular Plural myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself, herself, itself themselves

  20. Reflexive Pronouns Examples: The Carsons were able to lift themselves out of poverty. Ben Carson dedicated himself to becoming a surgeon. Notice if you take the reflexive pronoun out of the sentence it no longer makes sense.

  21. Intensive Pronouns Intensive pronouns also end in self or selves and emphasize a noun or pronoun in the sentence. They are NOT necessary for the sentence to make sense. Dr. Carson himself has survived overwhelming odds. You yourself must strive to overcome hardships. If you take the intensive pronoun out of the sentence, it still makes sense.

  22. Helpful Hint Hisself and theirselves are NOT words! Do not be tempted to use them in your work! Use himself and themselves instead.

  23. Practice Identify the pronouns and label them as Pe (personal) Po (possessive), R (reflexive), or I (intensive). • By fifth grade, Ben Carson considered himself the dumbest kid in his class. • His mother was raising Ben and his brother herself. • When she saw his report card, she decided that she herself would give extra homework assignments; two book reports every week! • She also told her sons to limit themselves to only two TV shows each week. • Ben outdid himself.

  24. Answers • Himself – R; his - P • his – P; herself - I • His – P; herself – I • Her – P; themselves – R • Himself - R

  25. Interrogative Pronouns An interrogative prounoun is used to introduce a question. The following are interrogative pronouns: Who Whom What Which Whose Hint: Don’t confuse whose with who’s. Who’s is a contraction that means who is. (“Who’s missing?”) Whose is an interrogative pronoun. (Whose book is gone?)

  26. Interrogative Pronouns • Choosing who or whom in a question: • WHO is always used as a SUBJECT or PREDICATE PROUNOUN. • Who called the power company? • The electrician is who? • WHOM is always used as an OBJECT. • To whom did you speak? • Example: (Who, Whom) will you see? • Rewrite the question as a statement. You will see (who, whom). • Decide if the pronoun is used as a subject or as an object. Choose the correct form. You will see whom. • Use the correct form in the question. Whom will you see?

  27. Demonstrative Pronouns Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out a specific person or thing. The following are demonstrative pronouns: this that these those The pronouns this and these are used to refer to items that are nearby, and that and those are used to refer to items that are farther away.

  28. Demonstrative Pronouns Examples: This is my pen; these are my scissors. That is not my last piece; those are the extras. Helpful Hint: Don’t use “here” or “there” after a demonstrative pronoun, no matter how much it sounds “right.” This here is an incorrect sentence. That there is another incorrect sentence.

  29. Indefinite Pronouns Indefinite pronouns do not refer to a specific person, place, thing, or idea. Singular indefinite pronouns: another anybody anyone anything either everybody each everyone everything much neither nobody no one nothing somebody one someone something

  30. Indefinite Pronouns Plural indefinite pronouns: both few many several Singular or plural indefinite pronouns: all any most none several some Helpful Hint: Pronouns that contain one, thing, or body are always singular.

  31. Indefinite Pronouns Examples: One of the girls put her soccer ball in the box. Many contributed their favorite CDs or games. Some of the time capsule looks like it is very old. Nothing lasts forever.

  32. Practice Identify the pronouns. Label them as D (demonstrative), I (indefinite), or P (Personal). • Everyone likes to think he or she will leave a mark on the world. • That is a good question. • This is a situation in which you might not have access to food or water. • Each of the people who planned the event was honored. • Those could belong to anyone.

  33. Answers • Everyone - I • That - D • This - D • Each - I • Those – D; anyone - I

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