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India

India. Preview and Processing. What is your first impression? Why do you feel that way? What is the location? What is happening? Why is this important? How is water symbolically used in other countries or cultures?. Geography Hindu Kush & Himalayas Subcontinent Indus & Ganges

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India

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  1. India

  2. Preview and Processing What is your first impression? Why do you feel that way? What is the location? What is happening? Why is this important? How is water symbolically used in other countries or cultures?

  3. Geography • Hindu Kush & Himalayas • Subcontinent • Indus & Ganges • Seasonal winds: monsoon

  4. Aryan “Nobles” • 1500 BCE nomads from central Asia • Khyber Pass • Caucasus mts. • Wealth=cattle • Illiterate • Depended on priest: Sanskrit • Blending betw. The 2 = Hinduism

  5. Hinduism • Aryans w/ myths; everything holy • Vedas: 4 collections of hymns gathered by priest: 1500 total • Rig-Veda: most important & oldest (1028) • Vedic Age

  6. Upanishads • Attempt of teachers to understand and explain Vedas • One true reality is Brahman the mighty spirit that creates and destroys • One aspect of B. is self or soul=Atman • Nothing dies: reincarnation • Perfect Understanding=moksha wh/ = merge w/ B

  7. Caste System • Brahmin: “god’s mouth” = priest • Kshatriya: “god’s arms”=rulers & warriors • Vaishya: “god’s legs” = landowners, merchants • Shudra: “god’s feet” = servants & slaves • Untouchables: nothing

  8. Shiva: destroyer or transformer

  9. Vishnu: creator and destroyer of all existences

  10. Buddhism • Siddhartha Gautama • Beautiful life; wife, son • sick, feeble, dead: must seek wisdom • Age 29 left family to become nomad & seek wisdom • Meditated under Bodhi tree • “Enlightened One” or Buddha • Concern for everyone • No caste system

  11. Four Noble Truths • Everything in life is suffering & sorrow • Causes of pain are selfish desires wh/ = rebirth & pain • Ending pain means ending selfish desires • End desire & thus pain by following the Eightfold Path

  12. Eightfold Path • Rt. Knowledge • Rt. Purpose • Rt. Speech • Rt. Action • Rt. Living • Rt. Effort • Rt. Mindfulness • Rt. Meditation (concentration)

  13. Mauryan Dynasty • Chandragupta Mauryan (322-298 BCE) • United all of N. India (9,000 increased to 700,000) • Trusted no-one • Fear • Food tasters • “Gov’t is the science of punishment”

  14. Making the Connection • What modern day country is missing from the original map of India? • How does religion play an important role in the development of gov’t? culture? • What is Mohenjo-Daro and why is it important? • What were at least two main things the Harappan Culture was based on?

  15. Ashoka (273 BCE) • @ 1st like granddad • Edict • “federal aid” • Spread Buddhism

  16. China

  17. Chinese Society • Family : roles est. fr. birth to death • Elderly w/ power oldest male; oldest female • females: father, husband, sons • 13-16 • Having sons increased status • Gov’t • Ruler like “super-grandfather” • Mandate of Heaven • Dynastic Cycle

  18. Confucius • K’ung Fu-tzu • Social order & good gov’t based on 5 relationships • Ruler/subject • Father /son • Husband/wife • Older/younger • friend/friend • Filial Piety • Minister of Crime • Crime wiped out

  19. Confucius The Analects

  20. Lao Tzu • Natural order: universal force guides all things (Tao) • Taoism • Legalist • Efficient & powerful: reward & punish • Limit ideas & actions

  21. Ch’in (shih) Dynasty • Ch’in Shih Huang-ti (246-210 BCE) (Qin Shi Huang) • Effective but cruel • Ending opposition • Destroy outside rivals • End resistance w/i • All nobles had to live @ capt. • Burned books (farming & medicine) • System of law, $, weights & measures • Cart axles

  22. Making the Connection What is the only man made object visible from space?

  23. Great Wall • Protection from Huns • Wheelbarrow • 20 to 25 ft. tall • 1,400 miles long • Law • Han Dynasty (202 BCE) • Glory, unity, peace • Revoked Ch’in law • no real barbarian threat

  24. Making the Connection What was the Silk Road and why was it important?

  25. Technology • Printing: block press (600) 2,000 copies per day • Pi Sheng: (1040) moveable type (Europeans 1450) • Magnetic compass: 1st used to see if homes faces S. • Gunpowder: fireworks • 1st paper money • Silk & porcelain

  26. Making the Connection • Name the European inventor credited with the moveable type printing press. • Why were the Chinese not credited with the invention?

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