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Bergey Excel Nomenclature

Bergey Excel Nomenclature. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw Crank. Paul Gipe & Assoc. Generators Direct-Drive DC. Paul Gipe & Assoc. Generators Direct-Drive Alternator (Small). Paul Gipe & Assoc.

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Bergey Excel Nomenclature

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  1. Bergey Excel Nomenclature • 1. Spinner • 2. Rotor • 3. Generator • 4. Frame • 5. Yaw Mount • 6. Slip Rings • 7. Tail Boom • 8. Nacelle Cover • 9. Yaw Crank Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  2. GeneratorsDirect-Drive DC Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  3. GeneratorsDirect-Drive Alternator (Small) Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  4. Small Wind Turbine Applications • Off-the-Grid Power Systems • Boating • Cathodic Protection • Fence Charging • Wind Pumping • Remote Homesteads/Third World Villages • On-the-Grid or Interconnected • Residential & Small Commercial Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  5. Interconnection with Batteries & Inverter (SW) Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  6. Relative Size of Small Wind Turbines 2 Swept Area (m ) Rotor Diameter (m) 40 8 30 7 7 m 20 6 6 m 10 5 5 m 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4 Rotor Diameter (m) 4 m 3 3 m 2 2 m 1 1 m 0 Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  7. Small Wind Turbines • Micro Wind Turbines • ~ 1 meter (2-4 feet) in Diameter Air 300/400/X Marlec 910F Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  8. Small Wind Turbines • Mini Wind Turbines • 1-3 meters (3-10 feet) in Diameter LVM6F Whisper H40 Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  9. Small Wind Turbines • Household-Size Wind Turbines • 4-10 meters (12-35 feet) in Diameter & Larger • Transitional to Medium-Size Turbines Jacobs 17-20 Whisper 175 Bergey Excel Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  10. Small Wind Turbine Fall Safety • Minimal or No Work on Tower • Fall-Arresting System • Work Platform • Lanyard Anchorages • Training Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  11. Small Wind Turbine Fall Safety Fall-Arresting System Lanyard Anchorage Work Platform Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  12. The Problems of Small Wind • Poor Productivity • ~2/3 that of Medium-Size Turbines • High Cost • ~5X More than Medium-Size Turbines • Poor Reliability • Reports on awea-wind-home Newsgroup • Small Market • Little Money Makes Improvement Problematic Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  13. The Problems of Small Wind • Towers Not Standardized • Affects Installation • Installation Not Standardized • Affects Safety • Service Not Standardized • Non Tilt-Down Require On-Tower Work • Affects Safety and Reliability Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  14. The Problems of Small Wind • Aggressive Marketing • Pushes Sales, Not Customer Benefits • Industry Sells Turbines • Not Wind Systems--Mix & Match Towers • Unsophisticated Market • Doesn’t Demand Better Products • Susceptible to Hustlers & Charlatans • Owners in the Dark • Due to the Absence of Metering Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  15. The Problems of Small Wind • Aesthetic • Most Need a Good Industrial Designer • Simply Too Noisy • Noisy for Their Size • Closer to People • But They Do Provide an Essential Service at Remote Sites! Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  16. New Rivals to Small Wind • Used Commercial Turbines • Thousands in California & Europe • EMS (SD) Rewinding to Single Phase • Now Used in Alberta, Iowa, South Dakota • Downsizing of Commercial Turbines • Enercon E20 • Fuhrländer, Henry Dupont • Lagerwey 18/80, Dutch Farmer’s Choice Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  17. Small Wind Turbine Test Fields • Professional or Commercial • NREL, Colorado • AEI, Texas • Windward, Utah • Atlantic Wind Test Site, PEI, Canada • Private Unfunded • Mick Sagrillo, Wisconsin • Mike Klemen, North Dakota • Wulf Test Field, California • Folkecenter, Denmark Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  18. Wulf Test Field Tehachapi Pass Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  19. Wulf Test Field Turbines Tested BWC 850 Marlec 910F Air 303/403/X.1/X.2/X.3 Whisper H40 LVM 6F Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  20. Wulf Test Field Tests Performed Power Curves Power Loss Noise Emissions Paul Gipe & Assoc.

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  23. Small Turbine Noise Measurements • Meters Costly • Somewhat Complex • Difficult for Amateurs Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  24. Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  25. Calculated & Measured Noise Emissions Source Sound Power Level at 8 m/s Sound Power Level dBA 120 1980s 1990s L=22 log D + 72 110 1999 Small ! , Micro H40 & & ! ! ! 100 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! BWC 850 & ! 90 Air303 , , H40 & L=22 log D + 65 , 80 AirX & 70 60 1 10 100 Diameter (meters) Paul Gipe, wind-works.org

  26. Bergey Excel (7 m) • PMG (Ferrite) • Direct-Drive • Furling • Rugged • Various Versions • Test Reports • Power Curve • Noise Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  27. Bergey Excel S (7 m) Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  28. Bergey Excel S (7 m) NREL Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  29. Small Turbine Noise (NREL) NREL Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  30. Bergey Southwest Windpower Vergnet (FR) Proven (GB) AOC (?) Ampair (GB) LVM(GB) Marlec Juan Bornay (ES) Small Turbine Manufacturers Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  31. Bergey Windpower Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  32. Vergnet Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  33. Southwest Windpower Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  34. LVM, Ampair, Marlec Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  35. Proven Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  36. Ventus Germany Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  37. AirCon Germany Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  38. AirCon Germany Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  39. Household-SizeWind Paul Gipe, wind-works.org

  40. Household-SizeWind Energie PGE, Quebec Paul Gipe, wind-works.org

  41. Small Wind DIY Workshops Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  42. Small Wind Turbines Must Become as Reliable and as Productive as Today’s Commercial Turbines Paul Gipe & Assoc.

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