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Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. Cellular Respiration. Cellular Respiration is a series of reactions and processes in which living cells break down nutrient molecules to produce energy. Occurs in distinct cell structures Two general types depending on the presence or absence of oxygen:

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Cellular Respiration

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  1. Cellular Respiration

  2. Cellular Respiration • Cellular Respiration is a series of reactions and processes in which living cells break down nutrient molecules to produce energy. • Occurs in distinct cell structures • Two general types depending on the presence or absence of oxygen: • Aerobic – requires oxygen. • Anaerobic – occurs in the absence of oxygen.

  3. Aerobic respiration • Requires oxygen in order to generate energy. • 6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP • oxygen + glucose  carbon dioxide + water + energy molecules(ATP)

  4. ATP • The energy produced is in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) • a coenzyme used as the main energy storage and transfer molecule in the cells of all known organisms.

  5. Breathing and Cell Respiration are related BREATHING O2 CO2 Lungs Muscle cells carrying out Bloodstream CO2 O2 CELLULAR RESPIRATION Sugar + O2 ATP + CO2 + H2O

  6. Anaerobic respiration • Sometimes referred to as fermentation. • Incomplete breakdown of nutrients to produce energy. • The waste products of fermentation depends on the organism. • Skeletal muscle cells: lactic acid (lactic acid fermentation) • Yeast and bacteria: alcohol and carbon dioxide (alcohol or ethanol fermentation)

  7. Aerobic Respiration vs Anaerobic Respiration

  8. Aerobic respiration is about x19 more efficient that anaerobic Anaerobic respiration 2 mol ATP to 1 mol oxidised glucose Aerobic respiration theoretical yield = 36-38 ~29-30 ATP

  9. Give two industrial uses of anaerobic respiration. • Why will muscle tissue have more mitochondria than connective tissue? • What releases the energy when ATP changes to ADP? • Explain why violent exercises or sudden bursts of activity cause ‘oxygen debt’ • A 100m sprinter gains almost 100% of his energy from anaerobic respiration, whereas a marathon runner gains almost 100% of his energy aerobically. Explain why this is the case.

  10. Comparing Photosynthesis & Respiration

  11. Oxygen debt During vigorous exercise the body needs a lot more energy Soon a point is reached when the body cannot breathe any faster or harder, and aerobic respiration alone cannot meet the enhanced energy demands Which means that they need to begin anaerobic respiration and thus producing lactic acid. The amount of extra oxygen required by muscle tissue during recovery from vigorous exercise to break down or oxidise this lactic acid is referred to as the ‘oxygen debt’

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