Counter Reformation: Church's Response & Tactics

1. 1.What is the Christian teaching states that God has determined who will be saved? In what country did Calvinism begin?

2. Bellringer 1.What is the Christian teaching states that God has determined who will be saved? predestination In what country did Calvinism begin? Switzerland

3. Today-Objective: Counter-Reformation • Complete the Counter Reformation Guided notes worksheet • Review important people of the Counter-Reformation • Why was the Council of Trent important? • What events brought peace & a beginning of toleration?

4. Complete the Notes using • The Counter Reformation

5. Brainstorm before you begin: • The Protestant Reformation is sweeping across Central Europe, England, and even Scandinavia! You have been hired by the Pope to develop ideas that the Church can implement in order to stop believers from converting to these heretical faiths. What are your top 3 ideas? Hurry, you must act quickly, or Protestantism may overrun Europe!

6. The Counter Reformation 1530s-1648 The Catholic Church’s Response to the Protestant Reformation

7. The Counter Reformation The Roman Inquisition, an agency established in 1542 to combat heresy,  Water Torture was used during the Inquisition there was an attempt to reform the Catholic church. The Church had two tactics: • Reform the Church from Within • Stop the Spread of Protestantism Council of Trent – a meeting of catholic bishops and cardinals, agreed on several doctrines – • The churchs interpretation of the Bible was final • Christians needed faith and good works for salvation (not just faith as Luther had said) • The Bible and Church tradition were equally powerful authorities • Indulgences were valide expressions of faith, but the selling was banned.

8. Those who tried to change the Catholic Church within • Girolamo Savonarola • Preached against abuses of the church • Had people melt down their Gold & silver to help the poor –Bonfire of the Vanities • Executed by Pope

9. Ignatius of Loyola • A soldier • Wounded • Healing Ignatius reads the lives of the Saints

10. Jesuits • Society of Jesus. Worked to renew spirituality & service to the church • Worked on using education to counter the Protestant Reformation. • Founded by Ignatius of Loyola. Former soldier & nobleman. Ran the Jesuits like a military organization

11. What does this quote by Loyola mean? “We should always be disposed to believe that that which appears white is really black, if the hierarchy of the Church so decides.”

12. Council of Trent(1545-1563) • Purpose: The Church held meetings to discuss reform AND define dogma (official teachings) • Addressed the abuses that had weakened the church. Called for priests to be trained & financial abuses to be ended. • Indulgences abolished. • Rejected Protestant doctrine. Faith & works needed for salvation.

13. Those who carried out the reforms of the council of Trent • Francis de Sales • Worked to turn people from Calvinism • Founded a teaching order for women Teresa of Avila • Became a nun about 1536 • Her spirituality inspired many to remain Catholic • Charles Boromeo • Archbishop of Milan. • Educated priests

14. Stopping the Spread of Protestantism • The Spanish Inquisition When ? 1478 - • Why? • General purpose was to discover heretics (mostly Jews and Muslims, but also Protestants), reinforce Catholic doctrine, and prove the power of the Church • Where? • Mostly Spain and Italy • Different variations took place across Europe, but it was most notorious in Spain • Ironic! (These places were strongholds of Catholicism) • How? • The accused were put on trial and were guilty until proven innocent… • Torture was used to elicit confessions

15. Video: The Spanish Inquisition • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ZegQYgygdw

16. Stopping the Spread of Protestantism • Index (List) of Banned Books • Created in 1559 by the Pope • Purpose was to prevent heresy (make sure you know what this word means) and ensure books were morally correct • Banned both Protestant literature and texts by some intellectuals, like Erasmus

17. Was the Counter-Reformation a success? The Church did not win back many of the “lost souls” that had converted to Protestantism… But, it shed its reputation for corruption and it spread widely through missionary work

18. Religious Wars & Unrest

19. Italian Wars • Charles V invaded Italy in 1494 • Wars ended in 1559 • The significance of the Italian wars was to spread the Renaissance. Italian artist fled north

20. Peasants’ War • Stirred by Luther’s teaching thousands of German peasants stormed castles & monasteries. • Nobles harshly put down the uprisings. Luther opposed the peasants.

21. Holy Roman Emperor Charles V opposed Protestants • In 1546 he began a war with Lutheran princes of Germany • Peace of Augsburg was signed in 1555 • Each prince would choose the religion his subjects would follow

22. France • Huguenots- French Protestant minority • Wars between Catholics & Huguenots lasted for years • St. Bartholomew's Day massacre- 1572 • Catholics killed 1000s of Protestants • King Henry of Navarre became Catholic. • 1598- Edict of Nantes granted religious freedom to Protestants

23. Denominations of Europe

24. There are 3 major divisions within Christianity • Roman Catholic Church • Eastern Orthodox • Russian • Greek • Southwest Asia, Eastern Europe, India • Protestant • Lutheran • Anglican/Episcopal • Methodist • Presbyterian • Reformed • Baptists • Pentecostal • Nondenominational • Independent

25. All Christian groups agree on: • Trinity • Nature of God • Divinity & humanity of Jesus Christ. • All hold to the major creeds; • Apostles, Nicene, Chalcedon • Justification by faith or how a person is saved & authority of Scripture • Disagree on church government, sacraments, role of the Holy Spirit