Use “quotation sandwiches” to ensure your quotes are properly contextualized.

1. Use “quotation sandwiches” to ensure your quotes are properly contextualized. • “Quotation sandwich” = • Introduction to quote (top slice of bread) • The quote itself, correctly punctuated (sandwich meat) • An explanation of the quote (bottom slice of bread) • Introduction: tell us who you’re quoting; set up the quote • Explanation: tell us why this is significant information; explain what you think it means

2. Transitions and templates to help introduce a quotation… • After all… • For example… • As an illustration… • Consider… • For instance… • Specifically… • To take a case in point… • X states/notes/describes/explains/etc… • According to X… • From They Say, I Say by Gerald Graff and Cathy Birkenstein

3. From Dr. Samtani’s English 400 class at Pasadena City College.

4. One of Dimmesdale’s key traits is his intense sense of guilt for what he sees as his most egregious sin. Hawthorne describes Dimmesdale’s “bloody scourge” which he uses “on his own shoulders, laughing bitterly at himself the while, and smiting so much the more pitilessly because of that bitter laugh” (99). Dimmesdale’sextreme method of self-punishment illustrates how powerfully guilt controls his actions.

5. Summer Reading EssayMini-Workshop ChecklistIf your partner is missing any of these items, be sure to include a note explaining what remains to be done. • Check EasyBib bibliography to make sure it includes all outside sources, including an entry for the summer reading book itself. • Point to places where outside information needs to be cited—anything paraphrased OR quoted directly. • Examine all quotations (must include at least one!) to ensure each one is properly introducedand explained. • Review the author’s use of commas, semicolons, and colons. Refer to grammar handout (on Moodle) if needed. • Check MLA formatting against the template on Moodle.