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Ch. 3.3 - Islam After Muhammad’s Death. EQ: What happened Islam after Muhammad’s death?. What were Muhammad’s accomplishments?. Muhammad’s Accomplishments. Muhammad became an important religious, military, and political leader
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Ch. 3.3 - Islam After Muhammad’s Death EQ: What happened Islam after Muhammad’s death?
Muhammad’s Accomplishments • Muhammad became an important religious, military, and political leader • Returns to Mecca with army, conquering city, and claiming the Kaaba for the Islamic faith • Spread Islam to most of Arabian Peninsula • Muhammad died in 632 leaving Muslims without a leader
Muhammad’s Life Click here to see a 15 minute animated video on the life of Muhammad
Abu Bakr (Ah*boo Bah*kuhr) • Muhammad’s father in-law and trusted friend • Respected for devotion to Muhammad and Islam • Elected as Muhammad’s successor after Muhammad’s death
Abu Bakr accomplishments • In 632 became first caliph (kay*lihf) • Caliph = title that mean “successor”, a civil and religious ruler • Used military force to reunite Muslim community that had begun to fall apart after Muhammad’s death
The “Rightly Guided” Caliphs • Abu Bakr and next 3 elected caliphs – Umar, Uthman, and Ali • Used military conquest in other regions to continue to spread Islam • Empire grew 4 times in size under these caliphs, included all of Southwest Asia and stretched into N. Africa
Expansion Click here to watch 1 minute video on expansion of the Islamic Empire during the Medieval Period
Muslim Military • Believed Allah supported them • Energized by faith, willing to fight to spread Islam • Highly skilled military leaders • Empires they conquered already weakened from war with each other • Muslims let conquered peoples keep their own religions if they wanted to because the Qur’an did not allow forced conversions
Muslim Ruled Areas • Blending of many cultures • Many peoples converted to Islam • Attracted to Islam’s message of equality and hope for salvation in Heaven • Wanted economic benefit – Muslims didn’t have to pay certain taxes • People of the book (Jews and Christians) received special treatment: • Paid a poll tax each year in exchange for not having to perform military duties • Held important roles in the Muslim state as officials and scholars
Summary • Write a 10 sentence minimum summary answering the EQ with details! • Remember PROVE YOUR ANSWER by supporting it with facts and educated opinions! • The EQ was: • What happened to the spread of Islam after Muhammad’s death?