Broadband in the Home The Next “Last Mile Frontier”

1. Broadband in the Home The Next “Last Mile Frontier” Wireless Video and Advancements in HPNA and Whole House DVR Gordon Caverly, RCDD Ben Pidek, P.E.

2. Network Devices in the Home • More and more devices that you find in the home are capable of connecting to the home data network and onto the web.

3. Network Devices in the Home • Computers • Laptops, Desktops, Printers, Scanners, Network Storage • Mobile Devices • Smart Phones, PDAs, Tablets • Entertainment • Set-top Boxes (WH/DVR or NDVR?), Smart TVs/OTT Devices, Gaming Consoles, Media Sharing Devices • Home Automation and Monitoring • Security, Climate Control, Lighting, Smart Meters, Sprinklers, Refrigerators, Consumer Electronics

4. Estimated Data Rates for Home Services Estimated Data Rates for Household Type Data Rates for Entertainment Services

5. Estimated Data Rates for Home Services (Cont.) Estimated Data Rates for Household Type

6. Where Broadband is Going Forecasted Broadband Penetration From all Providers 2008 Forecast

7. Where Broadband is Going (Cont.) Forecasted Broadband Penetration From all Providers 2011 Forecast

8. Service Provider ChallengeSo, You Have a 1 Gb Fiber Fed ONT • What services does the customer want? • What’s the existing infrastructure in the home? • Is it usable? • How do you get the services throughout the home? • What solutions are available to the provider? • What will it cost in time and money?

9. If You Want to Rewire the House • Cat 5e/6a • Plastic Optical Fiber (POF) • Impervious to noise, electrical interference, UV lights

10. Surveying the Minefield of In-Home Distribution Technologies I don’t want to rewire the whole house!!!!!!! • Options for distributing services throughout the subscriber’s home without having to rewire? • Using Existing Wiring • HomePNA • Multimedia Over Coax Alliance (MoCA) • Power Line Communications (HomePlug) • G.hn (emerging)

11. Data Rates for Different Types of In-Home Distribution Technologies (Wired)

12. In-Home Distribution Technologies (Cont.) • Options for distributing services throughout the subscriber’s home without having to rewire? • Wireless • WLAN • 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac • WPAN (Short Range-Single Room at best) • WirelessHD (2-5 Gbps) • Wireless Home Digital Interface (1 Gbps) • Ultra Wideband (110 – 480Mbps) • WiGig (7 Gbps) • Bluetooth • IEEE 802.15.4 (Zigbee)

13. Residential Gateway / Home Access Point • Industry could head towards residential gateways for delivering services in the home, • Fed by some type of broadband pipe (or even multiple pipes and service providers) • Flexible architecture for varying infrastructures (i.e., ADSL, ADSL2+, VDSL2, VDSL Bonded, FTTP) • Flexible Networking Options • 802.11g/n wireless, Ethernet, HomePNA, MoCA • Distribution inside the home could include a wireless hub for multiple devices. • Video distribution to “multiscreen” devices almost always assumes wireless distribution to handheld devices. • Main devices in the home might be better served with a wired connection.

14. Residential Gateway

15. Streaming Video in the Home Wirelessly • What type of in-home wireless technology do you need? • 802.11a/b/g/n • What are some of the potential problems? • Interference from other devices in or near the home • Distance from the AP • Construction material of the home • Jitter, latency, packet error rate (PER) etc. • What are the bandwidth requirements? • HD vs. SD, MPEG-2 vs. MPEG-4

16. 802.11 Data Rates

17. Why 802.11a/b/g Aren’t Good Options • Not enough throughput capability • Peak 11 Mbps for 802.11b and peak 54 Mbps for 802.11a/g • 802.11b/g can only use the 2.4 GHz ISM band • Only 3 non-overlapping 20 MHz channels available • Heavy RF congestion in this band from the large amount of existing 802.11b/g devices and other non-802.11 devices like Bluetooth, Wireless USB and cordless phones

18. What’s so Special About 802.11n? • Multiple Input / Multiple Output (MIMO) • The use of multiple transmitters and receivers simultaneously • Capable of wider channel bandwidths - 40 MHz channel width vs. 20 MHz • New type of OFDM called High Throughput-OFDM (HT-OFDM) • Can use Shorter Guard Intervals • Frame aggregation and Block Acknowledgement • Can also use 5.0 GHz UNII and UNII II Band

19. Multiple Input / Multiple Output (MIMO) • Spatial Multiplexing • Splits the data stream into multiple parts • Multiple data streams over a single channel increases throughput • Generally, as you scale up in the number of antennas, you get an increase in throughput • Uses multipath (spatial diversity) to its advantage

20. MIMO (Cont.) • Space Time Block Coding (STBC) • Sends outgoing signal stream redundantly • By comparing streams, the receiver has a better chance of determining the original signal stream in the presence of interference and distortion • Improves reliability by reducing error rate experienced at a given Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) • Transmit Beamforming (TxBF) • Multiple transmitters simultaneously transmit same data stream with small and intentional phase offsets • Allows for optimization of transmission for particular points in space around the transmitter • Effectively steers the transmitted signal stream towards the intended receiver • Takes advantage of signal reflections and multipath to improve received signal strength

21. HT-OFDM • High Throughput – Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing • Increase in the number of available subcarriers

22. Channel Bandwidth • Capable of 40 MHz channel bandwidth in addition to legacy 20 MHz channel bandwidth • Channel bonding will actually increase channel bandwidth by more than double because the guard band between channels is no longer needed • Not recommended in 2.4 GHz ISM band due to limited available non-overlapping channels and interference concerns 2.4 GHz ISM Band

23. Channel Bandwidth (Cont.) In the United States, use of certain 5 GHz UNII frequencies are only available with dynamic frequency selection (DFS) enabled.

24. What’s Next - 802.11ac • Wider channel bandwidths • 80 MHz and 160 MHz channel bandwidths (vs. 40 MHz maximum in 802.11n) • 80 MHz mandatory for stations (STAs), 160 MHz optional • Further increase in throughput • More MIMO spatial streams • Support for up to 8 spatial streams (vs. 4 in 802.11n) • Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) • Multiple STAs, each with one or more antennas, transmit or receive independent data streams simultaneously • “Space Division Multiple Access” (SDMA): streams not separated by frequency, but instead resolved spatially • Simpler Beamforming • Single sounding and feedback format (vs. multiple in 802.11n)

25. Smartphones (and Tablets) easily connect to WiFi • Often used in homes that have no Ethernet connections. • MPEG-DASH (Dynamic Adaptive Steaming over HTTP) is a developing standard for streaming video to small-screen devices. • Potential to replace other existing streaming technologies like Microsoft Smooth Streaming, Adobe Dynamic Streaming and Apple HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) • Conditional access security / encryption is set up to deploy to any screen; once you’ve purchased the content you can watch it on any device. • Short-form video on small devices, typically wirelessly. Long-form (movies, sports, broadcast real-time video) on big-screen devices.

26. So, if I can do it all wirelessly… • Small-screen video is typically low-bandwidth – at least in comparison to HD or 3D video • Interference / developing congestion • Some devices have Ethernet ports (or HDMI, etc) and don’t have built-in wireless? • Security / privacy

27. HomePNA & Recent Advancements

28. What is HomePNA? • Formerly the Home Phoneline Networking Alliance • ITU Standard G.9954 • Originally developed for Ethernet networking over balanced pair telephone wire • Version 3.1 added support for Ethernet over coax • Developed for entertainment applications like IPTV • Guaranteed QoS necessary for delivering triple-play services • Data rates up to 320 Mbps • Can coexist with DSL on phone lines but cannot coexist with DOCSIS over coax • Supports Remote Diagnostics and Management

29. HPNA • Can be used through a residential gateway with HPNA enabled set-top boxes • As an alternative, IPTV set-top boxes, PCs, etc. could be connected to relatively inexpensive ($50-$60) HPNA Coax Ethernet Network Adapters (HCNA) HCNA

30. HPNA (Cont.)

31. Advancements in HPNA • HPNA v3.1 (released January 2007, ITU G.9954) • Added support for Ethernet over coax operation • HomePNA and HomeGrid (ITU G.hn) sign liaison agreement (February 2009) • HomePNA Alliance ratifies new broadband access specifications which builds on HPNA v3.1 (March 2011) • Fast EoC (Ethernet over coax) • 320 Mbps in regular mode • Enhanced mode uses bonded channels to provide up to 640 Mbps data rate for MDU environments • Increase in endpoint support (from 64 to 126 endpoints) • HPNA standard approved by the Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) for incorporation into the next version of its Networked Device Interoperability Guidelines.

32. G.hn • Next generation ITU standard, ITU G.9960 (physical layer), G.9961 (data-link layer) • Home network technology that defines networking over power lines, phone lines and coaxial cables • Mesh network over wire types • Includes media-specific optimizations to ensure that performance is maximized for each type of media • Data rates up to 1 Gbps • Chipset manufacturers are making chipsets that are backwards compatible with HomePNA

33. Whole Home DVR

34. DVR Technology DVR’s Swift Growth (U.S. Numbers) *Actual ^Estimate Source: Magna Insights, 2008 MagnaGlobal issued an update in April 2011 which forecasted 61.9 million DVR subscriber households by 2016

35. Digital Video Recorders (DVR) • The Evolution • Single set top box (STB) with a hard drive • Highest failure rate • Multiple STB w/hard drives in a home • No communications with other STB’s • Whole Home DVR (This is hot stuff) • 1-STB w/HD in the home • LAN connected with other non-hard drive STB’s • Import home videos & photos w/external USB HD’s • Networked DVR – No HD’s in the home, unique copy of content required, DRM issues

36. Whole Home DVR-It’s become a Standard • The Marketed Benefits of WHDVR: • Record & pause, rewind, slow-mo, and instant replay live TV broadcasts • Record and watch multiple programs simultaneously • Highest Service Provider Problems: • Increased cost of STB • Hard drive failures

37. Network DVR – This is the Promise, and feature sets! Benefits: • No hard drive failures • Reduced STB costs and longer life • Access your content from alternative locations • Streaming HLS content to multi-screen devices • More economical for the provider and consumer • Similar functionality as WH-DVR

38. Network DVR – The Legal & Technical Issues Legally the provider must keep a unique copy for every subscriber recorded program – It’s about DRM This will result in Terabytes of storage and processing power Moving Forward with Legal Battles – Cablevision passed the court test Comcast announced its intention to proceed with NDVR evaluations/trials • Where’s it all going?

39. DVR from the Cloud

40. Questions & Answers Email or call us with additional questions @ Gordon Caverly, RCDD, Email: gcaverly@mscon.com Benjamin Pidek, P.E., Email: bpidek@mscon.com Ph: 810-621-5656

41. Sources • Quantenna Communication Whitepaper – Choosing the Best 802.11n Solutions for all HD Video Home-Networking Needs • Airmagnet Whitepaper– 802.11n Primer • Motorola Whitepaper– Home Networking Technologies • Wi-Fi Alliance Whitepaper – Wi-Fi Certified n: Longer-Range, Faster-Throughput, Multimedia-Grade Wi-Fi Networks • Aruba 802.11n Networks Validated Reference Design • HomePNA Alliance Website (www.homepna.org) • Paradigm Shifts: Remote Storage DVR From Legal Challenges to Technical Challenges By Glen Hardin, Time Warner Cable