1 / 24

Urinary System

Urinary System. Functions. Cells produce waste that can become toxic if they accumulate The urinary system: removes salts and nitrogenous wastes maintains normal concentration of water and electrolytes maintains pH, controls red blood cell production and blood pressure . Organs.

brice
Download Presentation

Urinary System

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Urinary System

  2. Functions • Cells produce waste that can become toxic if they accumulate • The urinary system: • removes salts and nitrogenous wastes • maintains normal concentration of water and electrolytes • maintains pH, controls red blood cell production and blood pressure

  3. Organs • Two kidneys which produce urine • Two ureters which carry urine to the urinary bladder where urine is stored • Urethra passes urine to outside the body

  4. Kidneys • Bean-shaped, dark organs • 5 in. long, 1 in thick • lie on either side of the verebral column deep in the abdominal cavity

  5. Nephrons

  6. Renal Blood Vessels • Renal arteries supply blood to the kidneys • Renal vein joins the vena cava and takes away filtered blood

  7. Pathway of waste • Glomerulus • proximal tubule • nephron loop (also called loop of henle) • distal tubule • collecting duct • bladder

  8. Urine Formation • glomerular filtration - urine formation begins, plasma is filtered • tubular reabsorption - returns most of the fluid to the body • tubular secretion - removes what is not needed; produces urine

  9. Glomerular Filtration • flow of fluid from the blood into the glomerular capsule (plasma without large proteins and rbcs) • kidneys filter 48 gallons/day

  10. Tubular Reabsorption • Over 99% of the substances filtered in the glomerulus are reabsorbed back into the circulation at different sites along the nephron

  11. Tubular Secretion • process by which the kidneys remove unwanted substances from the blood into the lumen of the nephron • Secreted substances include H+ and K+

  12. Excretion (Urine Elimination) • After urine forms in the nephrons, the ureters (starting with the renal pelvis) carry the urine away to the bladder • Urinary bladder stores urine and forces it through the urethra • Micturition expels urine by contracting the detrusor muscle and relaxing the external urethral sphincter

  13. Video

  14. Cause of hypertension • Excess release of renin which (through a series of events) causes angiotensin II to be formed • Angiotensin II vasoconstricts the efferent arteriole, which causes blood to back up into the glomerulus, thus raising glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure • Sodium and water are conserved

  15. Kidney stones • Composed of uric acid, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, or magnesium phosphate • Form in the collecting ducts and renal pelvis • Passing into ureter causes sudden, severe pain • May cause nausea, vomiting, and blood in urine • 60% pass through body on their own • Can be shattered using intense sound waves • Is inherited or excess vitamin D or complication of urinary tract infection

  16. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a procedure used to shatter simple stones in the kidney or upper urinary tract. Ultrasonic waves are passed through the body until they strike the dense stones. Pulses of sonic waves pulverize the stones, which are then more easily passed through the ureter and out of the body in the urine.

  17. Oh, bacteria! • Cystitis – inflammation of urinary bladder • Ureteritis – inflammation of ureter • More common in women b/c urethral pathway is shorter

  18. Overactive bladder • sudden contractions of the bladder produce sensation of urgency, also more common in women

  19. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome • Urine turns bloody, severe anemia, lack of platelets • Caused from toxin produced by E. coli • If the toxin travels to kidneys, it destroys the cells of capillaries that normally filter proteins and blood cells forming urine

  20. Incontinence • involuntary loss of urine • may lose a few drops of urine while running or coughing • Others may feel a strong, sudden urge to urinate just before losing a large amount of urine • Pregnancy and childbirth, menopause, and the structure of the female urinary tract account for more women than men having this • Both women and men can become incontinent from neurologic injury, birth defects, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and physical problems associated with aging.

  21. Kidney Transplant • Tissues must be antigenically similar • Donor kidney attached to renal artery and vein • Donor ureter attached to urinary bladder • Organ sale

More Related