Bell Ringer #1

1. Bell Ringer #1 Identify the nations in the following alliances: Triple Alliance Triple Entente Use Chapter 23 Section 1!

2. Chapter 23 Section 1 & Not in Textbook The Road to War

3. World War I • 1914-1918 • “The Great War” • “The War to End All Wars” • Involved powerful industrial nations and weaker unindustrialized countries

4. Causes of World War I • M.A.N.I.A. • Militarism • Alliances • Nationalism • Imperialism • Assassination

5. M.A.N.I.A Militarism • Aggressive building of an army • Preparing for war • Extensive planning • Conscription-forcing civilians to serve in the military • Mobilization-getting troops and supplies ready for war

6. M.A.N.I.A Militarism After 1900 • Huge increase in size of European armies • Russia- 1.3 million • France- 900,000 • Germany- 900,000 • 250,000-500,000 • Great Britain • Italy • Austrian-Hungary

7. M.A.N.I.A Alliances • Agreements between two countries • Increased security 1914: • Triple Alliance: Austria-Hungary, Germany, & Italy • Triple Entente: Russia, France, & Great Britain • Led to “world” war

8. M.A.N.I.A Nationalism • Acting in country’s best interest • Extreme pride in one’s country • Self-Determination • Self-government • Anti-imperialist

9. M.A.N.I.A Imperialism • Desire to gain more land (power!!) • European nations wanted Africa and China • Created rivalries

10. M.A.N.I.A Assassination • GavriloPrincip (Serbian) assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand & wife (Austro-Hungarian) • Austria-Hungary govt thought Serbian govt planned assassination

11. M.A.N.I.A Assassination • Serbia is located in the Balkans 20th c. Crisis • Balkans (1908-1913) • Alliances had tension • Europeans wanted their own national states

12. Timeline June 28, 1914: Assassination July 28, 1914: AH declares war on Serbia July 29, 1914: Russia mobilizes to aid Serbia August 1, 1914: Germany declares war on Russia (bc Russia is a Serbian ally) August 3, 1914: Germany declares war on France (bc France is a Russian ally)

13. Bell Ringer #2 Describe trench warfare. Use Chapter 23 Section 2!

14. Chapter 23 Section 2 The War

15. Summer of 1914 • Schlieffen Plan • 2 front (areas of fighting) war • Divided the German army in half 3 Steps: • 1st German army would hold Russian border • 2nd German army would rush to France through Belgium to defeat Paris • After France had fallen, the 2 German armies would work together to defeat Russia • Violated Belgium’s neutrality • FAILED!!!!!!!!!

16. 1914-1915: Western Front • Schlieffen Plan • Sept. 6-10, 1914- Germany was stopped in France at the First Battle of the Marne • French loaded two thousand Parisian taxicabs with troops • Sent them to the front line

17. 1914-1915: Western Front First Battle of the Marne • Stalemate (tie) • Neither France nor Germany could advance • Had to dig for shelter • Trench Warfare- fighting from ditches protected by barbed wire • Stretched from English Channel to Switzerland • Huge loss of life • Terrible conditions

27. 1914-1915: Eastern Front • Mobile (moved) • Huge loss of life • Sept. 15, 1914-Battle of Masurian Lakes • Germany defeated Russia • Russia defeated A-H • Freed Serbia

28. 1914-1915: Eastern Front • Italy betrayed Triple Alliance • May 1915- Attacked A-H • Joined France, G.B., Russia • Triple Entente  Allied Powers • Germany and A-H defeated Russia • 2.5 million killed, captured, or wounded

29. 1914-1915 • Italy, France, Great Britain, Russia = Allied Powers • Russia was almost out of the war • Ottoman Empire joined Germany and Austria-Hungary = Central Powers • Both sides now could concentrate on the Western Front

30. Western v. Eastern Fronts

31. Bell Ringer #3 What is Total War? Use Chapter 23 Section 2!

32. Chapter 23 Section 2 The War Continued

33. 1916-1917 Trench Warfare: • Trenches didn’t allow advancement • War of Attrition- each side tried to wear down the other • Heavy attacks • Huge loss of life

34. 1916-1917 War in the Air • 1st airplanes • Spotted enemy positions • Attacked ground targets • Machine gun would be later mounted for air combat • Germans used Zeppelins- • Giant hydrogen filled airships/exploded when hit

35. 1916-1917 • Both sides wanted new allies Middle East • Lawrence of Arabia- • 1917-18 • Arab princes revolted against Ottoman Empire • Won with British Great Britain • Australia, India, New Zealand Japan • Seized German islands

36. 1916-1917: United States • U.S.= Neutral • British set up naval blockades • Prevented Germany from getting supplies by sea • Unrestricted submarine warfare • German subs sank military and civilian ships

37. 1916-1917: United States • May 7,1915- Germans sank the British ship Lusitania • Killing 1100 civilians • 100 Americans • American Gov’t protested • January 1917-Zimmerman Telegram • Germany to Mexico • Intercepted by British • Encouraged Mexico to declare war on U.S. • April 1917- US declared war on Germany • Sent money and supplies • Troops arrived in 1918

38. 1918: War at Home (US) • Total War- complete mobilization of resources and people • Affected all civilians • Gov’ts set up drafts- Increase troops • Planned Economies • Econ Controls, Food Rations, Imports/Exports • Pres. Woodrow Wilson- everyone is apart of the effort

39. 1918: War at Home (US) • Propaganda- Ideas spread to influence public opinion (for or against) • Stirred up national hatred • Every country was faced with fleeting support • Increased propaganda and used guilt to build support • Exaggerated acts of enemies • Censorship- Newspapers, radio

40. 1918: War at Home (US) New roles for women • Chimney Sweeps, Truck Drivers, Farm Laborers, Factory Workers • Women took over men’s jobs • Temporary (Ended after War) • Women's Suffrage (right to vote) • U.S., Germany, Austria, G.B.

41. Bell Ringer #4 What are reparations? Use Chapter 23 Section 4!

42. Chapter 23 Section 4 End of the War

43. 1917-1918 • Russia dropped out of the war due to their revolution • Ended the Eastern Front • United States joined the war • Psychological boost for Allied Powers

44. 1918 • March- • Germany launched a major attack • Headed towards Paris • July 18- • 2nd Battle of the Marne • French, Moroccan, and American troops stopped the Germans • September 29- • Germany knew the war had been lost

45. End of the War • November 11, 1918 • Armistice- a truce agreement to end the fighting during war • Magic 11 • 11th hour of the • 11th day of the • 11th month (11am Nov. 11, 1918)

46. Peace Settlement • “Big Four” • US, GB, France, Italy • Woodrow Wilson- United States • David Lloyd George- Great Britain • Georges Clemenceau- France • Russia and Germany were not invited

47. Peace Settlement • January 1919 • 27 Allied nations met in Paris • President Wilson’s Plan • Fourteen Points • Open diplomacy • Disarmament • Self-determination • League of Nations

48. Peace Settlement • League of Nations • Jan. 25, 1919 • Prevent War • Reparations • Monetary payments from Germany to France and GB • Neutral Zone • Between Germany and France

49. Treaty of Versailles • June 28, 1919 • War Guilt Clause • Germany was responsible for starting the war • Reparations to Allies • Demilitarization • Germany lost all weapons • Land returned to France by Germany

50. New Map of Europe • Eastern European lines were redrawn • Ethnic groups were divided • Mandates- • nation governed by another nation on behalf of the League of Nations • GB  Iraq and Palestine • France  Lebanon and Syria