Intelligence

1. Intelligence

2. True or False? T/F Only humans can use insight to solve problems. T/F Crying is an early form of language. T/F “Street smarts” are a sign of intelligence. T/F Creative people are highly intelligent. T/F Highly intelligent people are creative.

3. Intelligence • Intelligence: (Person's capacity to) • Acquire knowledge (i.e. learn and understand) • Apply knowledge (solve problems) • Engage in abstract reasoning.  • Intelligence Quotient: (IQ) • The score you get on an intelligence test. • Originally, it was a quotient (a ratio)- • IQ= MA/CA x 100 [MA is mental age, CA is chronological age]. • Today, scores are calibrated against norms of actual population scores.

4. Intelligence

5. Intelligence The ability to profit from experience, acquire knowledge, think abstractly, act purposefully, or adapt to changes in the environment. Psychometrics: Measurement of mental abilities, traits, and processes IQ TEST: MA (Mental Age) is what your score would be for a general age on average, scoring the average score for a 12 year old when you are 7 would give you a MA of 12. Stanford-Binet WAIS(Weshler Adult Intelligence Scale) WISC(Weshler Intelligence Scale for Children) Problems with Bias of IQ test

6. Types of Problems Formal reasoning problems: • All information needed to solve is right there. Deductive reasoning: • Conclusion follows necessarily from certain premises. • If the premises are true, the conclusion must be true. Inductive reasoning: • The premises provide support for a conclusion. • It is still possible for the conclusion to be false.

7. Theories of Intelligence • Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory • Thurstone’s Multiple Factor Theory • Cattell's Two-Factor Theory • Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory • Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences

8. Spearman’s Two Factor Theory g (general intelligence): Involved in any task requiring cognitive activity. s (specific intelligence): Specific knowledge and abilities that are only used when performing specific tasks.

9. Thurstone’s Primary Mental Abilities • Primary mental abilities are independent of each other. • His seven primary mental abilities are: spatial visualizations word fluency verbal meaning memory number facility perceptual Speed Reasoning

10. Cattell’s Two Factor Theory Crystallized intelligence: Includes abilities such as reasoning and verbal and numerical skills. Fluid intelligence: Skills such as spatial and visual imagery, the ability to notice visual details, and rote memory.

11. Experiential Componential Contextual Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory

12. Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory Componential: The ability to acquire new knowledge and solve problems effectively. Experiential: The ability to adapt creatively in new situations. Contextual: The ability to select contexts in which you can excel.

13. Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences linguistic interpersonal intrapersonal Gardner's Theory spatial body-kinesthetic logical-mathematical musical

14. 4 Types of Mental Abilities Measured by the Stanford-Binet Verbal reasoning Abstract/visual reasoning Quantitative reasoning Short-term memory

15. Distribution of IQ Scores

16. IQ and Familial Relationships

17. Intelligence Under 70 [mentally retarded] -- 2.2% 70-80 [borderline retarded] -- 6.7% 80-90 [low average] -- 16.1% 90-110 [average] -- 50% 110-120 [high average] -- 16.1% 120-130 [superior] -- 6.7% Over 130 [very superior] -- 2.2%

18. Intelligence: Correlations

19. Intelligence: Correlations

20. Intelligence: Correlations Intelligence has a very powerful genetic component.

21. Intelligence: Correlations