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Middle Ages

Middle Ages. Semester 1 – Day 61. Bellwork. What is common law? Is it in the United States?. Growth of European Kingdoms. England King Alfred the Great united the kingdoms of England At the Battle of Hastings, King Harold was defeated by William of Normandy

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Middle Ages

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  1. Middle Ages Semester 1 – Day 61

  2. Bellwork • What is common law? • Is it in the United States?

  3. Growth of European Kingdoms • England • King Alfred the Great united the kingdoms of England • At the Battle of Hastings, King Harold was defeated by William of Normandy • William took a census, Domesday Book • System of taxation and royal courts • Henry II • Increased power of monarchy • Common law – law that applied to the whole kingdom • Thomas a Becket, challenged kings authority to punish clergy

  4. Magna Carta and First Parliament • King John of England was forced to sign the Magna Carta, or the Great Charter • Used to limit the monarch’s power saying it was not absolute • Edward the I of England, developed a representative government in England known as Parliament • Nobles and Lords would form House of Lords • Knights and townspeople would form House of Commons • Granted taxes and passed laws

  5. French Kingdom • Carolingian Empire divided into 3 sections • The western section, the Kingdom of the Franks would become kingdom of France • Franks king, Hugh Capet, began the Capetian dynasty • Had little real power, dukes were more powerful • Philip II Augustus • Expanded French empire and power of the monarchy • Philip IV • Started French parliament, called Estates-General • 1st estate: clergy • 2nd estate: nobles • 3rd estate: townspeople and peasants

  6. Holy Roman Empire • Saxons became kings of the eastern Frankish kingdom which became Germany • Best known Saxon king of Germany, Otto I • Crowned emperor to protect the pope • German kings attempted to rule both German and Italian lands • Caused power struggle between popes and kings • Lay investiture: allowed king to appoint popes • German kings focused on Italy leaving Germany in the hands of the nobles who created independent kingdoms • German Holy Roman Emperor had no real power

  7. Example of Church vs State in Holy Roman Empire • Emperor Henry VI angry that Pope Gregory banned lay investiture. Henry was angry told Gregory to step down. Gregory excommunicated Henry. Henry forced to beg for forgiveness. • Concordat of Worms • Only Church could appoint a bishop, but emperor could veto the appointment

  8. Disorder in Holy Roman Empire • First ruler to the Holy Roman Empire • Frederick I • Forced princes to respect him, when he was away princes caused disorder • Invaded rich Italian cities causing them to form the Lombard League • Battle of Legnano: Fredrick defeated and made peace with the pope • Germany unable to unify

  9. Central and Eastern Europe • Slavic people divided into three major groups: western, southern and eastern Slavs • Western Slavs formed Polish and Bohemian kingdoms; converted to Christianity • Non-Slavic kingdom became Hungary; converted to Christianity • Southern and eastern Slavic population converted to Orthodox Christianity

  10. Development of Russia • Eastern Slavic people settled into the territory of present-day Ukraine and Russia; they encountered Swedish Vikings; Vikings eventually dominated the native peoples; Viking rulers were called Rus • Kingdom became Eastern Orthodox Christians • Mongols conquered Russia; Russian princes had to pay tribute; • Alexander Nevsky, most powerful Russian prince, stopped an invading German army and received title of grand prince; his descendents became leaders of all of Russia

  11. Honors Assignment

  12. Regular Assignment • Read pages 370 – 373 • Make a timeline that list the significant dates and events for the Holy Roman Empire

  13. Regular Assignment

  14. Regular Assignment

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