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CELLS

CELLS. Basic unit of structure and function of living things. Many sizes: Average is 5-50 micrometers ( µm) Nerve cell in leg (1 m) Mycoplasma (0.2 micrometers = 1 millionth of a meter) Human egg no bigger than “dot” on letter i

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CELLS

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  1. CELLS • Basic unit of structure and function of living things. • Many sizes: Average is 5-50 micrometers (µm) • Nerve cell in leg (1 m) • Mycoplasma (0.2 micrometers = 1 millionth of a meter) • Human egg no bigger than “dot” on letter i • Eggs are a single cell (Largest single cell is an ostrich egg) • Red blood cell 1/10 egg cell • Common bacteria (fit 8,000 inside a red blood cell) • Many shapes:

  2. Shapes/Types of Cells

  3. 2 Major Types of Cells

  4. PROKARYOTE vs. EUKARYOTE Prokaryotic Cell lacks internal structures: • No nucleus (just DNA) • No organelles (cell parts) Eukaryotic Cell has internal structures: • nucleus • Organelles

  5. Basic Parts to a Eukaryotic Cell • cell (plasma) membrane • cell wall(only certain organisms) • nucleus • cytoplasm

  6. Cell (plasma) Membrane • regulates what comes in and out of a cell, aids in protection and support. • made of a bilayer of lipids • proteins (stick in membrane or move around) act as channels and pumps • carbohydrates (attached to proteins or lipids) act as chemical identification cards

  7. Cell Wall • surrounds cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria. • support and protection • very porous allowing water, food, air, and other substances to pass through • made of 2 or more layers • first layer to form is where two plant cells meet (gluey substance called pectin holds together) • primary layer is after pectin made of cellulose (elasticity) • secondary layer made of cellulose and lignin (wood)

  8. Nucleus • control center of cell • contains genetic material

  9. Cytoplasm • living area between nucleus and cell membrane • usually a thicker substance • contains many important structures

  10. Prokaryotic cell (cyanobacteria)

  11. Eukaryotic cell (typical animal)

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