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The Age of Reason

The Age of Reason. 1700-1789. The Age of Reason. Also known as the Enlightenment Scientific methodology Mathematical reasoning Skepticism Four trends: Concentration of political power in the great states Return of aristocracy to prominence Rise of the middle class

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The Age of Reason

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  1. The Age of Reason 1700-1789

  2. The Age of Reason • Also known as the Enlightenment • Scientific methodology • Mathematical reasoning • Skepticism • Four trends: • Concentration of political power in the great states • Return of aristocracy to prominence • Rise of the middle class • The Enlightenment – cultural movement

  3. Cultural Styles • Two styles • Rococo • Neoclassical

  4. Enlightenment Views • Secular, human centered perspective • Embraced humanism • ’Rationalism • Empiricism • Skepticism • Experimental Method • Belief in human perfectibility through education

  5. The Philosophes • French • Main philosophes were Voltaire, Diderot, Montesquieu, and Roussea • Beliefs: Confidence in reason, nature is good and orderly, empiricism,, change and progress could improve society, rejection of orthodox religion, belief in education

  6. Deism • Worship of God who created the universe and set t he laws of nature in motion, but who never interfered in natural or human matters • God as clockmaker

  7. The Encyclopedie • 1750-1772 • Seventeen volumes • Edited by Diderot • More than 161 writers wrote articles

  8. Society • 18th century is focused on society not individual • Traditional social hierarchy • Growing urbanization

  9. Absolutism, Limited Monarchy, and Enlightened Despotism • 18th century was the last age of kings in the west • France – Louis XV • Great Britain – Hanoverian Kings • Prussia – Frederick the Great • Austria – Maria Teresa

  10. Rococo • French origin • Created for the French elite • Frivolous subjects and themes • Rococo Painters: • Watteau • Boucher • LeBrun • Fragonard

  11. Watteau

  12. Watteau

  13. Watteau

  14. Watteau

  15. Boucher

  16. Boucher

  17. Boucher

  18. LeBrun

  19. LeBrun

  20. Fragonard

  21. Fragonard

  22. Fragonard

  23. Neoclassicism • Rejection of Rococo • Fascination with new archeological discoveries • Classical themes • David – major Neoclassical painter • Classical ideals of balance, simplicity, and restraint

  24. David

  25. David

  26. David

  27. David

  28. David

  29. Neoclassical Literature • Rousseau- The Confessions • Voltaire- Candide • Pope – An Essay on Man • Rise of the English Novel • Realism in novels

  30. Rococo Music • Couperin • Rameau

  31. Classical Music • Sonata form – three parts, emphasis on form and structure • Symphony • Concerto • Haydn • Mozart

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