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Properties of Solutions

Properties of Solutions. There are many factors that affect whether a substance will dissolve and the rate at which it dissolves. Properties of Solutions. The compositions of the solvent and the solute determine whether or not a substance will dissolve.

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Properties of Solutions

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  1. Properties of Solutions • There are many factors that affect whether a substance will dissolve and the rate at which it dissolves

  2. Properties of Solutions • The compositions of the solvent and the solute determine whether or not a substance will dissolve. • For example, sand will not dissolve in tea • Even if it is agitated or heated

  3. Properties of Solutions • Some liquids—for example, water and ethanol—are infinitely soluble in each other. • Two liquids are miscible if they dissolve in each other in all proportions. • Liquids that are insoluble in each other are immiscible.

  4. Properties of Solutions • The following factors will determine how soluble a substance is if the substance is soluble in the solvent • Agitation • Temperature • Particle size

  5. Properties of Solutions • Agitation - If the contents of the glass are stirred, the crystals dissolve more quickly.

  6. Properties of Solutions • Temperature also influences the rate at which a solute dissolves.

  7. Properties of Solutions • The rate at which a solute dissolves also depends upon the size of the solute particles.

  8. Properties of Solutions • Solutions can be described with three general terms: • Saturated - A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute for a given quantity of solvent at a constant temperature and pressure • Unsaturated - A solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution at a given temperature and pressure is an unsaturated solution • Supersaturated - A supersaturated solution contains more solute than it can theoretically hold at a given temperature.

  9. Properties of Solutions • The solubility of a substance is the amount of solute that dissolves in a given quantity of a solvent at a specified temperature and pressure to produce a saturated solution. • Solubility is often expressed in grams of solute per 100 g of solvent (g/100 g H2O). • Sometimes the solubility of a gas is expressed in grams per liter of solution (g/L).

  10. Solubility (g/100g H2O) Temperature (°C) Properties of Solutions • The solubility of most solid substances increases as the temperature of the solvent increases.

  11. Properties of Solutions • Although we can use these terms to describe solutions, there is a more specific way to show the concentration of a solution • The concentration of a solution is a measure of the amount of solute that is dissolved in a given quantity of solvent. • A solution that contains a relatively small amount of solute is a dilute solution • Aconcentrated solution contains a large amount of solute

  12. Molarity (M) = moles of solute liters of solution Properties of Solutions • In chemistry, the most important unit of concentration is molarity. • Molarity is also known as molar concentration.

  13. Properties of Solutions Intravenous (IV) saline solutions are often administered to patients in the hospital. One saline solution contains 0.90 g NaCl in exactly 100 mL of solution. What is the molarity of the solution?

  14. Properties of Solutions Household laundry bleach is a dilute aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). How many moles of solute are present in 1.5 L of 0.70 M NaClO?

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