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Control of the Cell Cycle

Control of the Cell Cycle. How does cancer happen?. What causes cells to divide ?. Production of a series of proteins called cyclins and growth factors monitor each step or checkpoint of the cell cycle

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Control of the Cell Cycle

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  1. Control of the Cell Cycle How does cancer happen?

  2. What causes cells to divide? • Production of a series of proteins called cyclins and growth factors monitor each step or checkpoint of the cell cycle • Mutations or changes in the gene/DNA of any of these proteins causes problems with the cell cycle.

  3. What is cancer? • Cancer= uncontrolled cell division caused by damage to the DNA regulating cyclins and growth factors; disease of the cell cycle causing mitosis to occur uncontrollably • Tumor results when cell cycle is uncontrolled = clump of abnormally growing cells • If the tumor stays in the place it originates and doesn’t grow = benign and harmless. • If the tumor continues to grow and invade other tissues = cancerous/malignant. • Cancer late stage = Cancer cells enter circulatory system, spread throughout body, form new tumors and disrupt organ functioning = metastasis

  4. How are cancers named? • Named by the organ or tissue in which the cells originate • US most common = lung, colon, breast, prostate • Most deadly of these is lung cancer

  5. Why are cancer cells so different? • More round and thus more mobile than a normal cell. • Can grow almost anywhere in body in liquids and solids (regular cells, only solid surfaces) • Abnormal proteins and lipids in outer membrane thus don’t react to normal signals from environment. • More difficult to kill – cell loses the ability to undergo typical cell death. • Do not communicate with other cells through chemical signals, leads to cell dividing uncontrollably even which they reach high density in a location.

  6. What causes cells to become cancerous? • Environmental Factors • Cancer-causing chemicals/carcinogens (smoke, air and water pollution), exposure to UV rays • All damage genes that control cell cycle • May also be caused by some viruses (infections of them) • Genetic factors also play a role • Mistakes in DNA replication/copying = most common reason • Read pages 134-135 for reference/more info!

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