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Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases

Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases. (What are they, how are they caused, how are they treated and how can we prevent them). Pathogens (infectious). Organisms that cause disease Bacteria Viruses Fungi Protozoan Parasites. Simple, single celled

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Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases

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  1. Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases (What are they, how are they caused, how are they treated and how can we prevent them)

  2. Pathogens (infectious) • Organisms that cause disease • Bacteria • Viruses • Fungi • Protozoan • Parasites

  3. Simple, single celled Air, soil, food, and in plants and animals Most are not disease causing The ones that do, enter cells and damage them with toxins Can be cured by antibiotics Smallest pathogens 100x smaller than bacteria Multiple when living in cells Cannot be cured by medicine, only reduces the symptoms Bacteria vs. Viruses

  4. How are they spread? • Contact with an infected person • Contact with contaminated object • Contact with animal • Contact with environment sources

  5. How does the body fight them off? • The immune system • Phagocytes (white blood cells: eat up foreign cells) • Inflammation = the bodies response • defenses- • Skin, sweat, hair, mucous membranes, cilia,

  6. Immune System: What is it and How does it work? • Lymphatic system • Lymphocytes B and T cells (white blood cells) • Fights off infection • Produce antibodies • Vaccines (immunization schedule)

  7. Stages of Diseases • 1. Incubation (entry to when you feel sick) • 2. Prodomal (first symptoms) • 3. Acute (most severe) • 4. Recovery (start feeling better) • 5. Convalescence (end of sickness and feeling better)

  8. Treatment • Over the counter medicine • Reduce symptoms • Medical Care • Go to doctor • Antibiotics (kill bacteria) • No cure for viral infections • Rest, well balanced diet, and plenty of fluids

  9. Prevention • Eat a well-balanced diet • 8 hours of sleep • Exercise • Avoid stress • Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs • Do not share toothbrush, cup, etc • Wash hands! • Check immunizations

  10. Common diseases • Cold • Influenza • Pneumonia • Rubella • Hepatitis • Tuberculosis • Mono (kissing disease)

  11. STI’s • Types: • Parasitic, Bacterial, Viral • Ex: Crabs, gonorrhea , Chlamydia, herpes, HPV, etc. • How they are transmitted • Genital-genital contact • Sexual contact • Mother to baby • Treatment- antibiotics, some no cure • Prevention (healthy choices, contraception)

  12. HIV/AIDS • Transmission • blood to blood • Fluids • Mother to baby • Sexual contact • Treatment- medicine • Prevention • Abstinence • Condoms

  13. Non-Infectious Disease and disabilities • Cardiovascular disease • Cancer • Diabetes/arthritis • Disabilities • Eating disorders • Mental diseases

  14. Cardiovascular Disease • Types: • High blood pressure • Atherosclerosis • Coronary artery disease • Congestive heart failure • Stroke

  15. Preventing Cardiovascular disease • Do not smoke and if you do, quit. • do not drink • Exercise regularly • Healthy diet and avoid obesity • Control blood pressure Uncontrollable Factors: - age, family history, gender, race

  16. Treating Cardiovascular Disease • Similar to prevention • Surgery • medication

  17. Cancer • Types of Cancer: • skin, lung, oral, colon/rectal, breast, reproductive, leukemia/lymphoma, etc • What causes cancer? • Carciogens: being exposed to cancer causing agents

  18. Treating and Preventing Cancer • Prevention: • Avoid tobacco and alcohol • Protect yourself from the sun (spf) • Healthy diet and exercise • Avoid unnecessary x-rays and radiation • Regular check-ups • Treatment: • radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy

  19. Diabetes (type I and type II) • A disease in which the body’s ability to use blood sugar (glucose-energy) is impaired • Insulin- • a hormone produced by the pancreas that stimulates body cells to take up and use blood sugar

  20. Type I • Insulin dependant • More serious • Produces little or no insulin • Glucose levels remain high • Appears during childhood

  21. Type II • Produce enough insulin, but their body cells do not respond normally to insulin • Occurs later in life • Symptoms: • Hard to heal infections, thirsty, frequent urination, nausea, hunger, irritability, tired, itching, blurred vision, and numbness in hands and feet. • Causes: • Family history, being overweight, and lack physical activity

  22. Disablities • Physical • Impaired sight, hearing or mobility (cerebral palsy, spina bifida, cystic fibrosis) • Mental • Downs syndrome, autism, aspergers syndrome, learning disabilities, emotional disabilities, ADD, ADHD,etc Acceptance and awareness!!

  23. Eating disorder • Anorexia nervosa • Deliberate self-starvation • Bulimia nervosa • Binge and purge • Binge eating disorder

  24. Mental disease • Depression • Schizophrenia • Bipolar disorder • insomnia • Social phobias • OCD

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