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Chapter 28 Notes

Chapter 28 Notes Filipinos felt freedom was for them also-Open Rebellion-Feb 4, 1899-long battle under Emilio Aguinaldo-Anti-Imperialists outraged Little Brown Brothers Poorly equipped Filipino armies were crushed and melted into the jungles-guerrilla warfare-brutal fighting

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Chapter 28 Notes

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  1. Chapter 28 Notes Filipinos felt freedom was for them also-Open Rebellion-Feb 4, 1899-long battle under Emilio Aguinaldo-Anti-Imperialists outraged Little Brown Brothers Poorly equipped Filipino armies were crushed and melted into the jungles-guerrilla warfare-brutal fighting Torture was used-Reconcentration camps developed-US lost credibility Broke Filipinos when key camp and Aguinaldo were captured Philippin Commission formed by McKinley to decide govmnt-2nd year led by WH Taft Assimilation proceeded slowly-millions poured into improve roads, sanitation, & public health-trade in sugar developed-American teachers set up good schools Filipinos hated Americanization-independence July 4, 1946

  2. Open Door • After defeat by Japan (1894-1895)China had Germany & Russia move in-tore away valuable leaseholds & spheres of influence from Manchu • Americans grew worried: churches, manufacturers, and US government should act • John Hay-summer of 1899 dispatched a note to the great powers of “Open Door”-respect among powers of controlled territories • Powers agreed but others had to acquiesce unconditionally-Russia declined yet Hay interpreted as Russian acceptance • Boxer Rebellion-1900-multinational force of 18,000(2,500 US) quelled the rebellion(nonentanglement & nonintervention?) • Fined China $333 million-$24.5 million for US-we accepted $6.5 million

  3. Helped relationship-select students sent to US for education & later spurred westernization of Asia • Hay sent note to powers saying “Open Door” would embrace territorial integrity of China-Powers could not trust one another

  4. Imperialism or Bryanism(1900) • Rep-McKinley vs Dem-Bryan • McKinley-war, rich real estate, gold standard/TR elected governor of NY-kicked to VP and took nomination-Why VP? • Bryan-forced silver issue & Anti Imperialism • McKinley did not campaign & Bryan did-TR out campaigned them all & took votes from Bryan • Voters did not care much about imperialism-”Full Dinner Pail” • 7.2 million-6.3 million/292-155 • Free silver scared many-Imperialism attracted some • Mandate?-Prosperity & Protectionism

  5. TR • Sept, 1901 McKinley assassinated-TR (42 yrs old) took presidency • TR?

  6. Columbia and Canal • Foreign affairs dominated TR • War w/Spain emphasized need for canal? • Increase strength of Navy & protect new territories • Geographic and legal obstacles-Clayton-Bulwer Treaty-By 1901 Britain ready to give in-Hay-Pauncefote Treaty gave US right to go ahead • Where to dig? Nicaragua/Panama-New Panama Company dropped price from $109 million-$40 million • 1902 Congress decided on Panama route-part of Columbia • US & Columbian government worked a treaty-6 mile wide zone-$10 million-$250,000 annually-Columbian Senate rejected-requested $15 million more-TR furious

  7. Puppet Panama • Panamanians ripe for revolt-thought prosperity would follow canal-US would turn to Nicaragua • Small band of rebels formed • Revolution occurred Nov 3, 1903 w/ killing of a Chinese civilian & donkey-Columbian troops gathered to crush uprising but US naval forces would not let them cross isthmus-Why? • TR recognized Panama-15 days later Bunau-Varilla-Panamanian minister signed Hay-BV Treaty in DC-$40 million from US • Many looked at TR & US questionably

  8. Completing the Canal • US/L. American relations hurting(PR & Cuba) • TR claimed he had a “mandate from civilization” • Problems w/ labor & landslides-Col. G. Goethals-engineer/ Col. Wllm. Gorgas-exterminator of Yellow Fever helped- • Completed in 1914 at cost of $400 million

  9. TR & Monroe Doctrine • L. America debt defaults-Venezuela & Dominican Republic were chronically late w/ payment to European creditors-trying to force payment German warships sank two Venezuelan gunboats in 1903 • TR concerned-might remain in L. America-Developed Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine • Debt etc. in L. America would be handled by US-Official in 1905 when US took over tariff management in Dominican • “We shall intervene to stop you from intervening” • Dark Side-”Bad Neighbor Policy”-repeated Marine landings viewed negatively by L. America-entered Cuba in 1906

  10. TR & World • Russo/Japanese War-Russian wanted Port Arthur/Japan thought Manchuria and Korea should not be in czarist hands-Russia had been there since Boxer Rebellion • 1904-Japan led a surprise attack at Port Arthur-pounded the Russians-TR asked to help broker peace • Portsmouth, NH-1905-TR forced an agreement-Japan received no indemnity for losses & Southern half of Sakhalin-Won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 • 2 new enemies for US?

  11. Japanese Laborers • Japan began allowing immigration in 1884-many to Hawaii-many recruited into California-hard work and no citizenship-never more than 3% of population in California • 1906 San Francisco segregated Asian students • Japan regarded this as an insult • School Board repealed and accepted the “Gentlemen’s Agreement”-stop segregation and stop immigration • TR thought Japan felt we might be intimidated-sends the “Great White Fleet” around the world and received a huge reception in Japan • Root-Takihara agreement of 1908-respect on another’s territorial agreements & uphold Open Door

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