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England/Great Britain/The United Kingdom

England/Great Britain/The United Kingdom. monarchs. HOUSE OF PLANTAGENET Edward I "Longshanks" r. 1272-1307 used the in-fighting among the Scottish nobles in order to dominate Scotland Edward I's heir was his son: Edward II. Edward II r. 1307-1327

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England/Great Britain/The United Kingdom

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  1. England/Great Britain/The United Kingdom monarchs

  2. HOUSE OF PLANTAGENET • Edward I "Longshanks" r. 1272-1307 • used the in-fighting among the Scottish nobles in order to dominate Scotland • Edward I's heir was his son: Edward II

  3. Edward IIr. 1307-1327 • seen as a weak ruler – deposed and murdered by his wife's lover • married Isabella (called "The She Wolf" by the English) of France, daughter of Philip IV of France – this union led to the claim by English monarchs to the French throne and the Hundred Years War • Edward II's heir was his son: Edward III

  4. Edward III r. 1327-1377 • As grandson of Philip IV of France, Edward laid claim to the throne of France after the death of his uncle Charles IV in 1328. • His claims to the French throne started the Hundred Years War. • Battle of Crecy 1346 • Peace of Bretigny 1360 • Edward had thirteen children – the eldest was Edward, The Black Prince, the Prince of Wales. When the Black Prince died suddenly in 1376, his son Richard became next in line to the throne. • Edward III's heir was his grandson: Richard II

  5. Richard II r. 1377-1399 abdicated – died 1400 • Richard continued the Hundred Years War – but internal English politics kept the English involvement in France less than in the previous reign. • Richard was only ten years old when his grandfather died. His many uncles and cousins sought favor and power as they tried to flatter and/or manipulate the boy. Richard did grow to marry the daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor – but they had no children. • In 1381, the young king faced a rebellion of peasants led by Wat Tyler. The uprising was brutally put down – but must be seen as an example of the problems caused by changing economics in the late Middle Ages. • Richard faced many crises and his rule created enemies within his own family and Parliament. His cousin, Henry Bolingbroke, the son of his uncle John of Gaunt, overthrew Richard and forced him to abdicate. Richard later died, probably murdered through starvation in Pontefract Castle. • Richard II's heir: no children – throne taken by his cousin Henry IV

  6. HOUSE OF LANCASTER • Henry IV r. 1399-1413 • Best known as the usurper of his cousin Richard II. His coronation address was the first said in English, as opposed to French. This may be seen as the era when English as a language, literature, etc. developed beyond its French and Anglo-Saxon roots. Henry IV's father, John of Gaunt was the patron of Geoffrey Chaucer. • His heir was his son: Henry V

  7. Henry V r. 1413-1422 • Henry re-invigorated the Hundred Years War by alliances with the Duke of Burgundy and decisive victories over the French - the Battle of Agincourt 1415 in particular. Henry achieved his ultimate aim with the Treaty of Troyes in 1420. The Treaty of Troyes disinherited the dauphin and made Henry V of England – heir to the French throne. Henry V also married Katherine of Valois – daughter of Charles VI – thus as king of France Henry V could claim the right through his ancestor Edward III and as son-in-law of Charles VI • His heir was his son: Henry VI

  8. Henry VI r. 1422-1461 and 1470-1471 • Henry's reign is marked with failure. Under his reign the Hundred Years War ended with the English losing all of their gains except for the port city of Calais on the English Channel. • A weak and probably mentally ill ruler, Henry was challenged by his cousin, Edward the Duke of York – a great-grandson of Edward III. The Lancaster side of the family fought to maintain their right to the throne against the York side of the family. As the Lancasters used the red rose as a symbol and the Yorks used a white rose – the series of battles between factions of the royal family are known as the WARS OF THE ROSES. • Henry was deposed by Edward in 1461. While Henry fled to France, Edward was crowned EDWARD IV. For a few months, Henry reclaimed power in 1470-1471. Henry was imprisoned in the Tower of London in 1471 where he was stabbed while at prayer. • His heir: Henry's heir and son was killed in battle in 1471. Henry VI's cousin Edward, Duke of York took the throne and was crowned Edward IV.

  9. HOUSE OF YORK • Edward IV r. 1461-1483 • Edward, Duke of York took the throne of England from his cousin Henry VI. He married Elizabeth Woodville – the Woodville family was a family searching for political power. • While Edward fought his Lancaster cousins, he also fought his own brothers as they each vied for power. Edward died leaving only young children at the mercy of their conniving uncles – especially Richard, Duke of Gloucester. • His heir: his son Edward V

  10. Edward V r. 1483 • (no paintings survive) • Edward was twelve years old when his father died. The nation had been torn apart by the Wars of the Roses. Many feared what would happen to England with a child king. Edward's mother, Elizabeth Woodville, was forced to give Edward and his younger brother Henry to her brother-in-law Richard, Duke of Gloucester for "safe keeping." • The two boys were taken to the Tower of London – "The Princes of the Tower." They disappeared in 1483 probably murdered – perhaps on orders of their uncle Richard. In 1674, the skeletons of two children were found buried under stairs in the Tower of London. • His heir: had no heir – throne taken by uncle – Richard III

  11. Richard III r. 1483-1485 • Richard is viewed as one of the villains in English history – especially due to his portrayal by Shakespeare in Richard III. • The Lancastrian cause was taken up by Henry Tudor. Richard was killed at the Battle of Bosworth Field 1485. This ended the Wars of the Roses. • His heir: his son died in 1484 – making Henry Tudor's claim for Richard's throne even stronger. Richard was killed in battle and his cousin Henry Tudor became Henry VII

  12. Henry VII r. 1485-1509 HOUSE OF TUDOR • Lancaster • Battle of Bosworth Field 1485 • Marriage to Elizabeth of York • Court of Star Camber • Elimination of rivals • Miserly • Married son Arthur, Prince of Wales to Catherine of Aragon • Married daughter Margaret to James IV of Scotland

  13. Henry VIII r. 1509-1547 • after papal bull – married Catherine of Aragon • War of the League of Cambrai • Invaded France – Battle of the Spurs • James IV allied with France attacked England – Battle of Flodden • Defender of the Faith • Field of the Cloth of Gold • the King’s Great Matter • Thomas, Cardinal Wolsey • Thomas Moore • Thomas Cranmer • Thomas Cromwell • Bill of attainder • Reformation Parliament • Submission of the Clergy • Act of Supremacy • Act of Succession • Treasons Act • Dissolution of the monasteries • Ten Articles • Six Articles • Pilgrimage of Grace • Hans Holbein • Catherine of Aragon • Anne Boleyn • Jane Seymour • Anne of Cleves • Katherine Howard • Katherine Parr • Anglican/Church of England

  14. Edward VII r. 1547-1553 • Book of Common Prayer • Act of Uniformity • True Protestant

  15. Lady Jane Grey 1553

  16. Mary I r. 1553-1558 • Marian Exiles • Philip II – the Spanish marriage • Stephen Gardiner • Thomas Wyatt • Oxford Martyrs

  17. Elizabeth I r. 1558-1603 • Elizabethan Settlement • Thomas Seymour • Edward Seymour – Lord Protector • Wyatt Rebellion • William Cecil • Robert Dudley • Christopher Hatton • Francis Walsingham • Marriage question • The Netherlands • Mary, Queen of Scots • Spanish Armada • Rising of the Northern Earls • Ridolfi Plot • Throckmorton Plot • Babington Plot • Earl of Essex • Hugh O’Neill, Earl of Tyrone • Monopolies • Economic problems • Golden Speech 1601 • Gloriana

  18. James I r. 1603-1625 HOUSE OF STUART James VI of Scotland • A Trew Law of Free Monarchies • Millenary Petition • Guy Fawkes – Gun Powder Plot • Walter Raleigh • Spanish Marriage • George Villiers, the Duke of Buckingham

  19. Charles I r. 1625-1649 • Henrietta Marie • Tonnage • Poundage • Ship money • Petition of Right • Eleven years Tyranny • William Laud • Kirk • Presbyterian • Episcopal • Bishops’ Wars • Short Parliament • Long Parliament • John Pym • Triennial Acts • Grand Remonstrance • Militia Bill • English Civil War • Cavaliers • Roundheads • Battle of Edgehill • Battle of Naseby • Battle of Marston Moor • Battle of Preston • Regicide • Levelers

  20. INTERREGNUMEnglish CommonwealthPride’s PurgeRump ParliamentProtectorateOliver Cromwell 1653-1658 Richard Cromwell r. 1658-1659

  21. RESTORATION • Charles II r. 1660-1685 • Merry Monarch • Restoration • Convention Parliament • Titus Oates • Popish Plot • Clarendon Code • Anglo-Dutch Wars • Treaty of Dover 1670 • Declaration of Indulgence • Exclusion Crisis • Rye House Plot 1683 • Whigs – anti-James • Great Plague of London 1665 • Great Fire of London 1666 • Christopher Wren • Duke of Monmouth • Test Act • Earl of Shaftesbury

  22. James II r. 1685-1688 • Anne Hyde • New Netherlands • Test Act 1673 • Mary of Modena • Declaration of Indulgence 1687 • Seven Bishops • Immortal Seven • Battle of the Boyne 1690

  23. William III r. 1689-1702 and Mary II r. 1689-1694 • Orange • Stadtholder • Glorious Revolution 1688 • Bill of Rights • Louis XIV • Declaration of Rights 1689 – James abandoned England • Act of Toleration 1689 • Jacobites • Massacre at Glencoe • Battle of the Boyne

  24. Anne r. 1702-1714 • Act of Settlement 1701 • Alien Act 1705 • Act of Union 1707 • Tory • Whig • John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough • Battle of Blenheim

  25. George I r. 1714-1727 HOUSE OF HANOVER • Elizabeth of Bohemia • Sophia of Hanover • Robert Walpole • Septennial Act • South Sea Company • South Sea Bubble

  26. George II r. 1727-1760 • Handel • Bonnie Prince Charlie • James Stuart, the Old Pretender • Battle of Culloden 1746 • Williams Pitt the Elder

  27. George III r. 1760-1820 • American Revolution • French Revolution-Napoleon • Regency Act 1811

  28. George IV r. 1820-1830 • Regency Period • Royal Marriage Act 1772

  29. William IV r. 1830-1837 • House of Lords • Reform Act 1832 • George Canning • Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington • Pocket boroughs • Rotten boroughs • Robert Peel – Tory • Lord Melbourne

  30. Victoria r. 1837-1901 • Grandmother of Europe • Industrial Revolution • Bed Chamber Crisis • Lord Russell • Lord Palmerston • Prince Albert • Great Exhibition of 1851 • Crystal Palace • William Gladstone • Benjamin Disraeli • Boer War • Royal Titles Act 1876 - India

  31. Edward VII r. 1901-1910 HOUSE OF SAXE-COBURG GOTHA • Uncle of Europe

  32. George V r. 1910-1936 HOUSE OF WINDSOR • House of Windsor

  33. Edward VIII r. 1936 • Abdication • married Wallis Warfield Simpson • Created Duke of Windsor

  34. George VI r. 1936-1952 • WWII

  35. Elizabeth II r. 1952- • Commonwealth

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