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Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis. Fechner (1801-1887). German experimental psychologist Spiced ham guy Believed the mind is like an iceberg Freud stole this idea from Fechner and took credit for it. Pre-modern treatments for Mental Illness. Past culture beliefs in the cause for mental illness

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Psychoanalysis

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  1. Psychoanalysis

  2. Fechner (1801-1887) • German experimental psychologist • Spiced ham guy • Believed the mind is like an iceberg • Freud stole this idea from Fechner and took credit for it

  3. Pre-modern treatments for Mental Illness • Past culture beliefs in the cause for mental illness • Demon possession • Punishment for sin (Hebrew) • Christians tortured the mentally ill • 1492- more sensitive treatments • 1745ish- Pinel freed many mentally ill patients because he thought it was a biological phenomenon

  4. Mental Illness (cont’d) • Dorothea Dix (1802-1887) • Was an advocate for the mentally ill in the U.S. • Was very religious and depressed • Benjamin Rush (1745ish) • first practicing psychiatrist in U.S. and signed the • Declaration of Independence

  5. Schools of Thought for Psychiatry • Somatic • Causes are physical • Ex.) Brain lesion or tight nerves • Psychic • Causes are emotional • Somatic was dominant until psychoanalysis matured

  6. Emmanuel Movement • Psychic approach by Elwood Worcester • He advocated Talk Therapy • Movement began in 1906

  7. Hypnosis • Mesmer (1734-1815) • A scientist, physician, and dramatic promoter • Coined the term mesmerize • Animal Magnetism • Resulted in him being called a “quack”

  8. Charles Darwin • Ideas of Darwin that Freud stole and took credit for • Unconscious (mental conflicts) • Significance of dreams • Importance of sexual arousal • Symbolism in our behavior • Continuity of emotional behavior (childhood- adulthood)

  9. Mob Boss of Psychoanalysis • Freud (1856-1939) • Born in Moravia (Czech Republic) • His dad was 20 years older than his mother • Had lots of younger siblings but his mother thought he was special • REALLY loved his mother

  10. Freud • In his early years he tried cocaine and found it to be marvelous • He thought he was The Miracle Drug and his claim to fame • It was actually Karl Koller who took credit for cocaine use • He used it to anesthetize the eye during surgery

  11. Freud (cont’d) • Married to Martha Berne • He had many sexual dysfunctions • “He couldn’t rise to the occasion” (Rowena Tan) • He blamed his wife for why he gave up sex at 41

  12. Id • Pleasure principle • Ego • Compromise of Id and Superego • Superego • Rules and morals

  13. Psychosexual Stages • Oral (birth-2 yrs. Old) • Put things in mouth • Anal (2-4 yrs. Old) • Sexual gratification from controlling the sphincter • Phallic (around 4 yrs. Old) • Oedipus complex and Electra Complex • Latency (5-12 yrs. Old) • Boys have cooties • Genital (puberty) • Heterosexual behavior becomes important

  14. Dream Analysis • A way to get into someone’s unconsciousness • Ex.) Elongated objects (knives or cigars) represents male genitalia • Ex.) Receptacle objects (bowls or caves) represent female genitalia

  15. Scientific Evidence • Not much evidence • Ex.) Little girls didn’t know where the penis went on the body • Freud saved data that was consistent with his theory • Based on abnormal people

  16. Good Stuff • Very relevant in popular culture • Brings people to psychology • People more willing to talk about sex

  17. Started the idea that personality and behavior can be systematically investigated Childhood is important Importance of primitive impulses Cognitive distortion is possible The first therapy Overemphasis on sex Resistance to disproof Inconsistent with knowledge of childhood development Biases in data collection sexism Evaluation of the Psychodynamic approach

  18. Neo-Freudians • Anna Freud (1895-1982) • Youngest of Freud’s kids • Became a psychoanalyst • Leader of the Neo-Freudian Ego Psychology • Child Analysis • Melanie Klein (1882-1960) • Focused on intense emotional bond between mother and child • Heinz Kohut (1913-1981)

  19. Carl Jung (1857-1961) • Developed Analytical Psychology • Collective Unconscious • Archetypes • Introversion and Extroversion • Alfred Adler (1870-1937) • Individual Psychology • Birth order • Inferiority Feelings

  20. Humanistic Psychology • Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) • E.B. Titchener’s class turned him away from psychology • Hierarchy of Needs • Carl Rogers (1902-1987) • Person-Centered therapy • Placing the responsibility for treatment on client • Self-Actualization • Positive regard

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