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Motion

Motion. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Soccer_kick.jpg. Key Understandings. Changes in motion can be measured and graphically represented. Forces cause changes in position, speed, and direction. What is motion anyway?.

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Motion

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  1. Motion http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Soccer_kick.jpg

  2. Key Understandings • Changes in motion can be measured and graphically represented. • Forces cause changes in position, speed, and direction.

  3. What is motion anyway? • Motion is a change in position, which is measured by distance and time. • Anything moving is in motion. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mercedes_In_Motion.jpg

  4. What changes motion? • A force is a push or pull that can change motion. • A force can move an object. • A force can transfer energy to an object. • For example, pushing on a wall doesn’t move the wall, but energy is being transferred. • Force = mass x acceleration

  5. Unbalanced Forces • In order for a force to move an object, there must be unbalanced forces. • Like tug of war…the winners are pulling the other team with more force; therefore, the pulling forces are unbalanced. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tug_of_war_2.jpg

  6. How can unbalanced forces affect objects? • Unbalanced forces can change the position, speed, or direction of an object. • Resistance forces (friction or wind) that oppose motion can slow down an object. • A force in the same direction can cause an object to speed up. • A force from a different direction can change the object’s direction.

  7. Balanced Forces • If we have unbalanced forces, then there must be balanced forces. • When forces are balanced, an object’s motion will be constant. It will not change speed or direction.

  8. Speed • We talk about speed everyday. • Speed is the distance traveled by a moving object per unit of time. • Speed affects the energy of an object. The faster it moves, the more kinetic energy it has. • Speed = distance time

  9. Kinetic Energy • The energy of motion • Objects in motion have kinetic energy. • Speed and mass affect the kinetic energy of an object. • If two objects are moving at the same speed, but one object has a greater mass—then the object with the greater mass will have more kinetic energy. • The more mass in an object, the more force needed to move it.

  10. Calculating Speed • If I traveled 30 meters in 10 seconds, what was my speed? • S = D/T • 30m/10s • 3 m/s

  11. Distance • Distance is a description of how far an object traveled between two points.

  12. Velocity • Velocity and speed are like fraternal twins- very similar, but with important differences. • Velocity is speed in a given direction. • 35 mph NORTH • 4 km/sec EAST

  13. Which is which? • 100 m/s right • 1500 km/s • 65 m/s north • 3000 km/s Velocity Speed Velocity Speed

  14. Acceleration • Acceleration is a change in the rate of speed. • It can be a change in speed, direction, or both. • Acceleration = Change in speed (m/s) Time (s) • Example: 0 to 60mph in 3s

  15. Example The race car accelerated from stop to 60 m/s by the finish line. It took the race car 8.0 seconds to finish. What was the acceleration? Original speed = 0 Final speed = 60 m/s Time = 8.0 seconds Acceleration = 60 - 0m/s = 7.5 m/s2 8.0s

  16. Friction • Friction is a force that opposes motion. • It can be caused by wind, water, surface texture, etc. • Have you ever ridden down the street on your bike and felt the wind push against you? • That’s air resistance! • Air resistance is the frictional force from the air that resists forward motion.

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