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Pre-Class 5/25/11

Pre-Class 5/25/11. Black people have faced discrimination and violence in this region of the world since Bacon’s Rebellion in1676. Generations have suffered and died under a racist belief that they are inferior, dangerous, and untrustworthy.

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Pre-Class 5/25/11

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  1. Pre-Class 5/25/11 • Black people have faced discrimination and violence in this region of the world since Bacon’s Rebellion in1676. • Generations have suffered and died under a racist belief that they are inferior, dangerous, and untrustworthy. Now there is a movement to change things, but the question is how should we change things?!?!?!? Answer: What approach should the Civil Rights Movement favor, violence or non-violence? Why do you feel this way?

  2. Where did the Nonviolent Approach in the CRM Come From? • “A small body of determined spirits fired by an unquenchable faith in their mission can alter the course of history.” -- Mohandas Ghandi • Ghandi had resisted British rule in India, leading to India’s independence • Ghandi used two tactics: • Nonviolence • Civil Disobedience

  3. Core Ideas of Nonviolence in CRM • Nonviolence/Civility • Avoid violence at all costs • Be the righteous person in the face of injustice • Disobedience • The deliberate and public refusal to obey an unjust law

  4. More on Civil Disobedience • “If we are arrested every day, if we are exploited every day, if we are trampled over every day, don’t ever let anyone pull you so low as to hate them … We must realize that so many people are taught to hate us that they are not totally responsible for their own hate.” • What does this quote mean to you? • Society has taught itself to hate/fear, don’t give them a reason to hate you • How does being civil (nonviolent) and yet disobedient help you win your cause? • Who said this quote? • Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (circa 1955)

  5. Ghandi’s Influence on Dr. King • Ghandi had lived/worked in India a few decades before the time of the CRM and Dr. King (1920s-40s) • His work (overcoming the British Empire in India) was legendary! • Dr. King used Ghandi’s example as an inspiration for his nonviolent tactics in the CRM

  6. Welcome Historians! 5/31/11 • What does Ghandi have to do with MLK? Today’s Objectives: To understand/answer: • Why was nonviolence used in the CRM? • How was nonviolence used in the CRM? • What role did MLK, JFK etc. play in the CRM? Final on Friday!

  7. Montgomery Bus Boycott • 381 Days long • Took the federal government to step in and settle the dispute.

  8. MLK & SCLC • Dr. King gained a lot of publicity and fame as a leader following the Montgomery Bus Boycott (more on this later this week) • In 1957 Dr. King helped to found the SCLC • SCLC = Southern Christian Leadership Council • What does the SCLC do? • The SCLC was a leading group in the CRM that helped to organize civil rights activists • Trained members in nonviolent protests tactics, and focused on obtaining voting rights

  9. SCLC – Double Check/Comment on your Notes • Write answers/comments on the side of your notes! • Why would the SCLC train everyone in nonviolent protest tactics? • (hint: remember this came about after the successful bus boycott) • Why would the SCLC focus on securing voting rights for black people?

  10. The Goals of the CRM • To end segregation • To secure equal rights for all races • To get the federal (national) government to support all of this in writing as law. • Remember, up until this point America didn’t have clear language about equal rights laws. • Socially people were either indifferent, or believed in racial stereotypes (black inferiority, blacks as dangerous, etc.)

  11. Examples: Civil Disobedience

  12. Violent Backlashes against CRM Activists • Freedom Rides (left) – desegregated, interstate bus rides through the South. Whites attacked the buses! • Beatings, firebombs, riots

  13. How do their behaviors compare? • How will America react upon seeing these images? • Write comments in notes.

  14. President John Fitzgerald Kennedy • President Kennedy (JFK) was a supporter of the civil rights movement. • JFK • Gave executive orders to desegregate the federal govt. • Appointed black Americans to federal court positions • He couldn’t get the support of congress/white southern politicians to pass a civil rights law – what the movement wanted from the beginning! • How do you convince politicians to listen and take notice of your demands?!?!

  15. TAKE THE MESSAGE TO THEM!

  16. March on Washington DC 1963 • 250,000 people arrived in the nation’s capital outside of the Lincoln Memorial • One giant peaceful protest – a symbol for change • Dr. King delivers his “I have a dream…” speech

  17. Pre-Class 5/6/10 • When you hear the words “I Have A Dream”, what do you think of? • What pictures come to mind? • What words? • What thoughts? • What feelings?

  18. Welcome! 5/6/10 Today’s Agenda: Pre-Class & Roll Share Out “I have a dream…” Discussion Wrap Up Today’s Objectives: To learn about the March on Washington To study the “I have a dream…” speech To Study Malcolm X Announcements: The CRM test is still on May 14th(next Friday)

  19. Remember! • This was a HUGE moment for the Civil Rights Movement! • The March on Washington was meant to inspire the nation to support a federal law for equal rights.

  20. Analyzing the Speech • Speech = 6:09 minutes • Put a star next to 1-2 parts of this speech you like. • Sounds good • Looks good • Cool meaning, etc.

  21. Analyzing for Purpose Purpose: This speech was meant to inspire support for a federal civil rights law. Turn to your neighbor and explain how what you starred (*) earlier helps that purpose.

  22. Free Write!(Choose one and answer in 2 paragraphs) • Did MLK accomplish his purpose in this speech? Yes or no? How do you know? • Give 2 examples from this speech that support your answer. Remember the Purpose:To inspire support for a new federal civil rights law • Do you think this speech helps accomplish the goals of the Civil Rights Movement? Yes or no? Why? • Give 2 examples from this speech that support your answer.

  23. Aftermath (end of 1963-1964) • Days after Dr. King delivered his speech of peace, an angry racist white Southern group bombed the 16th St. Baptist Church in Birmingham, AL (Sept. 1963) • This killed 4 girls at Sunday School • Kennedy was assassinated in November 1963 • Civil Rights Act 1964 • Banned discrimination in public places • Banned discrimination by employers • Strong enforcement powers (withholding of federal $$$) • Protected against “loophole problems” of the past.

  24. By any means necessary… Malcolm X

  25. Malcolm Little • He was born in Nebraska • Father was a black activist • Killed by the KKK • Pushed in front of moving street car • Mom flipped out over dad’s murder • Mental Hospital for 26 years

  26. Teenage Years • Dropped out of School • Lived in Lansing, MI • Made a living through • Drug dealing • Gambling • Robbery • Arrested at age 20 for Armed Robbery  sent to prison

  27. Prison Years • While in prison, meets Elijah Muhammad • Elijah Muhammad is the leader of the Nation of Islam • Religious group that teaches – total and complete separation of blacks from whites • Whites = blue-eyed devils • Muslim connection – believed that Africans were the original Muslims – they believed their version of Islam to be the “true” Islam

  28. MY NAME IS MALCOLM, MALCOLM X! Malcolm X saw the name of “Malcolm Little” as a slave name. This is why he replaced it with “X.”

  29. Malcolm X and the CRM • Radicalized groups of young black men in the CRM • Preached the idea of Equality by “any means necessary” • Malcolm X’s views were opposite to MLK’s • Saw nonviolent movement as hurting “the cause” • However, any means necessary includes peace!

  30. Malcolm X Critical of MLK • “Who ever heard of angry revolutionists all harmonizing "We shall overcome ... Suum Day.. ." while tripping and swaying along arm-in-arm with the very people they were supposed to be angrily revolting against ? Who ever heard of angry revolutionists swinging their bare feet together with their oppressor in lily-pad park pools, with gospels and guitars and "I have a dream" speeches? And the black masses in America were - and still are - having a nightmare.”

  31. Malcolm X in reference to the March on Washington “If I have a cup of coffee that is too strong for me because it is too black, I weaken it by pouring cream into it. I integrate it with cream. If I keep pouring enough cream in the coffee, pretty soon the entire flavor of the coffee is changed; the very nature of the coffee is changed. If enough cream is poured in, eventually you don't even know that I had coffee in this cup. This is what happened with the March on Washington. The whites didn't integrate it; they infiltrated it. Whites joined it; they engulfed it; they became so much a part of it, it lost its original flavor. It ceased to be a black march; it ceased to be militant; it ceased to be angry; it ceased to be impatient. In fact, it ceased to be a march.”

  32. Malcolm X on seeking equality “Be peaceful, be courteous, obey the law, respect everyone; but if someone puts his hand on you, send him to the cemetery.” “Nobody can give you freedom. Nobody can give you equality or justice or anything. If you're a man, you take it.”

  33. Malcolm X on Hajj • 1964, Malcolm X makes his pilgrimage to Mecca • Discovers that orthodox Muslims are nothing like the Nation of Islam • Guess what Orthodox Muslims preach? • EQUALITY FOR ALL RACES! • Malcolm begins to distrust the NoI – gets into fights with Elijah Muhammad over the true meaning of Islam • Malcolm X views of white people changes due to Hajj • Changed name to Malcolm Shabazz

  34. The Assassination • Feb. 21st 1965 • Gunned down by 3 black members of the Nation of Islam • Was shot 16 times • 3 men were arrested, all have been released from prison within the last 20 years

  35. Tear it out! Exit Ticket @ The Door! • Now you know the “ins and outs” of the non-violent approach. • What are the virtues of a non-violent approach how can it, in some ways, be more effective than using violence to solve problems/create change? Write a half page. Show me what you’ve learned. Separate sheet of paper, hand it to me @ the door

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