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Internal Plasma Sources and Ring Currents. Part 1. Substorms at Earth. 2. Hermean H+ Energization. 3. Dipolarization Effects. 4. H+ versus Na+. 5. H+ tail X-sections. 6. Detrapping & cusp losses. 7. Substorm Conclusion.

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  1. Internal Plasma Sources and Ring Currents Part 1

  2. Substorms at Earth 2

  3. Hermean H+ Energization 3

  4. Dipolarization Effects 4

  5. H+ versus Na+ 5

  6. H+ tail X-sections 6

  7. Detrapping & cusp losses 7

  8. Substorm Conclusion • Compared with Earth, Mercury thought to have much faster dipolarizations • Mercury will tend to energize light rather than heavy ions

  9. An Hypothesis • Appreciable ring current requires internal plasma sources • Corollary: • Substorm to storm transition generated by increase in internal source • “appreciable,” adj. - comparable with solar wind pressure, or greater Moore, Chandler, Fok, Giles, Delcourt, Horwitz, Pollock, 2001 SSR

  10. Falsifiability • Proposed tests: • observed correlations: see Nosé [2005 JGR] • global simulations: Moore et al. [2007 JASTP] • Messenger: ring current? solar or hermean? • Bepi Colombo: comprehensive observations

  11. Questions for BC? • How much internal plasma of what composition is released into Hermean magnetosphere? • What are composition and kinetics of RC? • How large is RC pressure compared with solar wind driver? • If RC pressure lacking, lacking internal plasma or lacking room for energetic particles?

  12. Possible Outcomes • Negligible RC • Insufficient source of internal plasma • Insufficient room for hot plasma gyroradii • Appreciable RC, solar origin: • Hypothesis disproven • Appreciable RC, internal light ions • RC built from internal plasmas • Appreciable RC, internal heavy ions • Low temperature / high density??

  13. Backup Charts

  14. Planetary Plasma Sources and Ring Currents:Mercury T E Moore and M-C Fok Is Mercury the magnetosphere we always thought we had at Earth, with little or no internal plasma source? Does it have a solar wind dominated ring current? Does it have any appreciable ring current?

  15. “What gets us into trouble is what we know, but just ain’t so.” -- Mark Twain • Ring current: • is carried by opposite e- and i+ drifts. not! • Solar wind enters via central plasma sheet. not! • Requires energetic particles. not! • Can’t fit in Mercury’s magnetosphere. ???

  16. Or what we think ain’t so, but just don’t know: • Trapped plasma pressure inflates magnetosphere • RC pressure exceeds solar wind pressure by an order of magnitude • O+ pressure overtakes H+ as a source • Mercury could have low temperature ring current

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