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The Industrial Revolution & Its Effects

The Industrial Revolution & Its Effects. Why Did Industrialization Begin in England First?. The Enclosure Movement. Early Canals. Britain’s Earliest Transportation Infrastructure. Mine & Forge1840-1880. More powerful than water is coal. More powerful than wood is iron.

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The Industrial Revolution & Its Effects

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  1. The Industrial Revolution & Its Effects

  2. Why Did Industrialization Begin in England First?

  3. The Enclosure Movement

  4. Early Canals Britain’s Earliest Transportation Infrastructure

  5. Mine & Forge1840-1880 • More powerful than water is coal. • More powerful than wood is iron. • Innovations make steel feasible. • “Puddling” [1820] – “pig iron.” • “Hot blast” [1829] – cheaper, purer steel. • Bessemer process [1856] – strong, flexible steel.

  6. New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution

  7. John Kay’s “Flying Shuttle”

  8. The Power Loom

  9. Textile FactoryWorkers in England

  10. James Watt’s Steam Engine

  11. Steam Ship

  12. An Early Steam Locomotive

  13. Later Locomotives

  14. The Impact of the Railroad

  15. “The Great Land Serpent”

  16. Rise Of Capitalism & the Factory System

  17. Capitalism • Economic system, based on: • Competition • Profit motive • Private ownership • Free market (supply and demand) • Era of laissez faire • Entrepreneurs take financial risk to make profits

  18. Richard Arkwright:“Pioneer of the Factory System” The “Water Frame”

  19. Factory Production • Concentrates production in one place [materials, labor] • Located near sources of power rather than labor or markets • Until invention of steam engine • Requires a lot of capital investment[factory, machines, etc.] morethan skilled labor

  20. By 1850: Zones of Industrializationon the European Continent • Northeast France. • Belgium. • The Netherlands. • Western German states. • Northern Italy • East Germany  Saxony

  21. Industrialization By 1850

  22. Railroads on the Continent

  23. Share in World Manufacturing Output: 1750-1900

  24. Drawbacks of Capitalism… 1. Potential for greed and corruption = development of monopolies 2. Misuse/abuse of labor force and the environment 3. Workers lose pride in their work

  25. Widening gap between the rich and the poor

  26. Bourgeois: The life of the "Haves“thrived on the luxuries of the Industrial Revolution

  27. 19c Bourgeoisie: The Industrial Nouveau Riche

  28. Criticism of the New Bourgeoisie

  29. Stereotype of the Factory Owner

  30. The Proletariat: The "Have-Nots," The Poor, The Over-Worked, & the Destitute

  31. Harsh Working Conditions

  32. The Factory System • Rigid schedule. • 12-16 hour day; 6-7 days per week • Dangerous conditions. • Mind-numbing monotony.

  33. Textile FactoryWorkers in England

  34. Young “Bobbin-Doffers”

  35. British Iron Production

  36. Coal Mining in Britain:1800-1914

  37. Young Coal Miners

  38. Child Labor in the Mines Child “hurriers”

  39. Harsh Living Conditions

  40. Industrial Staffordshire

  41. Problems of Pollution The Silent Highwayman - 1858

  42. The New Industrial City

  43. Early-19c Londonby Gustave Dore

  44. Worker Housing in Manchester

  45. Factory Workers at Home

  46. The Life of the New Urban Poor: A Dickensian Nightmare!

  47. Private Charities: Soup Kitchens

  48. Private Charities:The “Lady Bountifuls”

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