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AI for Games CM-0328D

AI for Games CM-0328D. Video Games and Real Time AI. Video Game Early History. 1958 – Willy Higinbotham invents a tennis-like game on an oscilloscope 1961 – Steve Russell creates Spacewar on a PDP-1 1968 – Ralph Baer patents a TV video tennis game

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AI for Games CM-0328D

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  1. AI for GamesCM-0328D Video Games and Real Time AI

  2. Video Game Early History • 1958 – Willy Higinbotham invents a tennis-like game on an oscilloscope • 1961 – Steve Russell creates Spacewar on a PDP-1 • 1968 – Ralph Baer patents a TV video tennis game • 1971 – Nutting release a video game cabinet (for Spacewar). It bombs. • 1972 – Atari formed and Pong released – test units get flooded with quarters • 1977 – Atari releases VCS home video console • 1978 – Nintendo releases computer Othello, Atari releases football (using a trackball), Midway imports Taito’s Space Invaders

  3. Video Game Genres • Abstract, Adaptation, Adventure, Artificial Life, Board Games, Capturing, Card Games, Catching, Chase, Collecting, Combat, Demo, Diagnostic, Dodging, Driving, Educational, Escape, Fighting, Flying, Gambling, Interactive Movie, Management Simulation, Maze, Obstacle Course, Pencil-and-Paper Games, Pinball, Platform, Programming Games, Puzzle, Quiz, Racing, Role-Playing, Rhythm and Dance, Shoot ’Em Up, Simulation, Sports, Strategy, Table-Top Games, Target, Text Adventure, Training Simulation, and Utility The Medium of the Video Game (Mark J. P. Wolf)

  4. Video Game AI • Mostly a mix of: • Scripting (e.g. shooting games) • Rule-based systems • Pathfinding • Finite state machines (with/without a stack) • Simple planning • Environmental Triggers

  5. Rule-based AI • Build a flowchart for a simple plant-eating organism • Then build a flowchart for a meat-eating organism that would beat your plant-eater • Then build a flowchart for a plant eating organism that would be successful against your meat-eating organism

  6. Pathfinding Start Finish

  7. A* search (1) • 1) Add the starting square to the open list. • 2) Repeat the following: • a) Look for the lowest F cost square on the open list. We refer to this as the current square. • b) Switch it to the closed list. • c) For each of the 8 squares adjacent to this current square … • If it is not walk able or if it is on the closed list, ignore it. Otherwise do the following. • If it isn't on the open list, add it to the open list. Make the current square the parent of this square. Record the F, G, and H costs of the square. • If it is on the open list already, check to see if this path to that square is better, using G cost as the measure. A lower G cost means that this is a better path. If so, change the parent of the square to the current square, and recalculate the G and F scores of the square. If you are keeping your open list sorted by F score, you may need to resort the list to account for the change.

  8. A* search (2) • d) Stop when you: • Add the target square to the open list, in which case the path has been found, or • Fail to find the target square, and the open list is empty. In this case, there is no path. • 3) Save the path. Working backwards from the target square, go from each square to its parent square until you reach the starting square. That is your path.

  9. Pathfinding Step 2

  10. Pathfinding Step 3

  11. Pathfinding Step 4

  12. Pathfinding Step 14

  13. Getting back the path

  14. Finite State Machines Switch up ON OFF Switch down And so much more…

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