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Pituitary gland

Anatomy of pituitary gland. Pituitary gland lies in the base of the skull in a portion of sphenoid bone called s.tIt consist of tow lobe anterior lobe (adenohypophysis),and posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)The size of the gland which the anterior lobe consist 2/3 varies considerably It measures 15

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Pituitary gland

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    1. Pituitary gland Anatomy Histology Physiology Diseases of pituitary gland

    2. Anatomy of pituitary gland Pituitary gland lies in the base of the skull in a portion of sphenoid bone called s.t It consist of tow lobe anterior lobe (adenohypophysis),and posterior lobe (neurohypophysis) The size of the gland which the anterior lobe consist 2/3 varies considerably It measures 15X10X6 mml wt 500-900 mg It may double in size during pregnancy

    5. Blood supply Most richly vascularized of all mammalian tissues,receiving 0.8 ml/min from portal circulation. It supply by middle inferior and superior hypophysial arteries from the internal carotid arteries

    7. Histology of the PG 1 Anterior pituitary cells were originally classified as Acidophils cells Basophils cells Chromophope cells

    8. Histology of PG 2 Now with immunocytochemical and electron microscopic techniques,classified cells by their secretary products Somatotrophs cells a. GH secreting cells b. Account about 50% of anterior P.G c. Acidophilic stained

    9. Histology of PG 3 Lactotrophic a. Prl secreting cells b. acidophilic stained c. 10-15% of anterior PG Thyrotrophis a. TSH secreting cells b. basophilic cells c. < 10% of anterior PG

    10. Histology of PG 4 Corticotrophs a. ACTH secretary cells b. basophilic cells c. 15-20% of anterior PG Gonadotrophs a. LH,FSH secretary cells b. basophilic staining c. 10-15% of anterior PG

    11. Anterior pituitary hormone GH PRL TSH ACTH LH FSH

    13. Posterior pituitary hormone VASOPRESSIN OXYTOCIN

    14. hypopituitarism Hypopituitrism is manifested by diminished or absent secretion of one or more PH The development of sign and symptom is often slow and insidious Hypo pit is either primary event caused by destruction of APG or 2ndary resulting from deficiency of hypothalamic SF Treatment and prognosis depend on the extent of hypofunction,the underlying cause and the location of the lesion

    15. Hypopituitarism Is usually gradual and may have single hormone deficiency or multiple hormone GH deficiency a. deficiency in children lead to short stature b. deficiency in adult lead to vague non specific symptoms,fatigue decrease muscle mass,loss of libido

    16. Gonadotrophin H.D (hypogonadism) In women a. before puberty primary amenorrhea and failure of puberty development b. after puberty 2ndary amenorrhea and regression of 2ndary sexual characteristic c. infertility

    17. hypogonadism In men a. before puberty failure of puberty development b. after puberty decrease libido or impotence loss of 2ndary sexual characteristic infertility

    18. TSH deficiency lead to 2ndary hypothyroidism Clinical feature cold intolerance dry skin,loss of hair mental dullness constipation increase in wt bradycardia,slow reflexes hoarseness, puffiness of the face

    19. ACTH deficiency lead to 2ndary adrenocortical insufficiency Clinical feature Weakness Nausea and vomiting Anorexia Wt loss Postural hypotension

    20. Causes of hypopituitarism Infarction postpartum necrosis (Sheehan syndrome) vascular disease head trauma Infections tuberculosis , fungi pyogenic , syphilis toxoplasmosis

    21. Hypopituitarism 2 Granulomas Sarcoidosis Histiocytosis Autoimmune lymphocytic hypophysitis Neoplasm's involving pituitary Pituitary adenoma Craniopharyngioma Metastasis or or primary carcinoma (rare)

    22. Hypopituitarism 3 Aneurysm of internal carotid artery Hemochromatosis Idiopathic or genetic deficient production of pituitary hormone synthesis of abnormal hormone Iatrogenic stalk section radiation hypophysectomy

    23. Hypopituitarism 3 Primary hypothalamic disorders tumor (craniopharyngioma) granulomas (histiocytosis x) genetic or idiopathic releasing H.D head trauma structural anomalies of hypothalamus

    24. Diagnosis of PD by PH stimulation test

    25. Pituitary stimulation test 2

    26. Treatment of hypopituitrism

    27. Pituitary tumors Nearly always benign account for 10% of intracranial neoplasm Pituitary microaadenoma is intrasellar adenoma less than 1 cm in diameter Pituitary macroadenoma are those larger than 1 cm in diameter

    28. Type of pituitary tumors

    31. Treatment of P.T Surgical Transfrontal or transsphenoidal Radiological Conventional irradiation,heavy particle I Medical Dopamine agonist (bromocriptin) Somastatin analog (octreotide)

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