Day 65: Girding for War: The North and the South

1. Day 65: Girding for War: The North and the South Baltimore Polytechnic Institute December 13, 2011 A.P. U.S. History Mr. Green

2. Girding for War: The North and the South Objectives: Describe the contest for European political support and intervention, and explain why Britain and France finally refused to recognize the Confederacy. Compare Lincoln’s and Davis’s political leadership during the war. Describe Lincoln’s policies on civil liberties and how both sides mobilized the military manpower to fight the war. Analyze the economic and social consequences of the war for both sides. AP Focus Britain and France remain neutral despite Lincoln’s fear that both will recognize the Confederacy and even break the Union blockade. The Emancipation Proclamation makes the war a moral crusade to eradicate slavery, an endeavor that the European powers hesitate to oppose. At the end of the war, the North is experiencing a boom fueled by its growing industrial sector, whereas much of the South lies in ruins. Tie this to the AP theme Economic Transformations.

3. Chapter Focus Chapter Themes The North effectively brought to bear its long-term advantages of industrial might and human resources to wage a devastating total war against the South. The war helped organize and modernize northern society, while the South, despite heroic efforts, was economically and socially crushed. Lincoln’s skillful political leadership helped keep the crucial Border States in the Union and maintain northern morale, while his effective diplomacy kept Britain and France from aiding the Confederacy.

4. Announcements Election Charts 1852, 1856, 1860, 1864 Decades Chart 1850’s

5. 1860 Political Parties Democratic North Republicans Constitutional Union Democratic South

6. Discussion Identify the events/actions/decisions by Congress that led to the secession of the Southern states. Explain how each of the events identified contributed to the belief that secession was the only available option.

7. The Decisiveness of Diplomacy The Confederacy wanted foreign intervention and never stopped trying to obtain foreign support 1. Trent affair-union warship stopped a British mail steamer with 2 Confederate diplomats 2. Alabama-ships built in London for the Confederacy without guns. Guns picked up elsewhere The British-built commerce destroyers captured 250 Northern ships Open talk of taking Canada……again

8. Foreign Flare-ups Laired rams- these were Confederate warships that were being built in London. more dangerous with iron rams and bigger guns These could have sunk the Union blockade Dominion of Canada in 1867 united Canada politically and spiritually against possible U.S. invasion Emperor Napoleon III-sent army to Mexico City to establish puppet regime with Maximillian-violated Monroe Doctrine France left after the threat of Indian resistance in 1867

9. Davis versus Lincoln Jefferson Davis Borrowed from Union Constitution Faced secession Issue with state militias Abraham Lincoln Long-established government Financially stable Recognized abroad

10. Limitations of Wartime Liberties Lincoln: 1. Proclaimed a blockade 2. Increased size of Federal army 3. $2 million advance for military purposes 4. Suspended writ of habeas corpus 5. Supervised elections in border states 6. Suspended newspapers 7. Jailed editors-obstructing the war

11. Volunteers and Draftees: North and South The North Conscription-$300 or hire substitutes to go in their place New York City Draft Riot-1863 initiated by anti-war/anti-black Irish-Americans The South Less populous Initiated Conscription earlier-April 1862 Took anybody for the War “A rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight”

12. The Economic Stresses of War The war was for the North funded by: 1. Excise taxes on tobacco/alcohol 2. Income tax 3. Morrill Tariff Act-increased duties 5-10% 4. Greenbacks 5. Bonds-private banks marketed the sale 6. National Banking system

13. Cont’d The war was funded for the South by: 1. Confederate bonds 2. Increased taxes 3. 10% levy on farm produce 4. Printed blue-backed paper money

14. The North’s Economic Boom Protective tariffs helped business “the fortunes of war”-manufacturers/businesspeople 1st breed of millionaires Greed/gluttony Standard clothing sizes Mechanical reapers Homestead Act

15. A Woman’s War

16. Homework • Finish Chapter 20 • Work on Charts.