Unit 3: a growing nation

1. Table of Contents English III American Literature Unit 3: a growing nation 19th Century Literature (1800-1870)

2. Table of Contents Alexis De Tocqueville Unit 3 Timeline Unit 3 Objectives Unit 3 Authors Unit 3 Reading List Poetry Slam Ghost Stories & Urban Legend

3. Alexis de Tocqueville “America is a land of wonders, in which everything is in constant motion and every change seems an improvement….No natural boundary seems to be set to the efforts of man; and in his eyes what is not yet done is only what he has not yet attempted to do.”

4. Unit 3 Objectives: • Make inferences, predicting, and drawing conclusions based on text. • Make cultural connections between works, self, and related topics • Analyze characteristics of literary genres in the U.S. and how the selection of genre shapes meaning • Evaluate the literary merit and historical significance of American works. • Decode vocabulary using knowledge of bases and affixes. AFTER THIS UNIT YOU WILL BE ABLE TO:

5. Unit 3 Reading List

6. Unit 3 TimelinePlace in your NOTES section of NOTEBOOK • 1803 • Louisiana Purchase extends nation’s territory to the Rocky Mountains • 1804 • Lewis & Clark begin their expedition of the West • 1812 • US declares war on Great Brittain “War of 1812” • 1814 • Francis Scott Key writes “The Star-Spangled Banner.”

7. Unit 3 TimelinePlace in your NOTES section of NOTEBOOK • 1825 • Completion and success of Erie Canal spurs canal building thru the nation • 1829 • 1st Steam Locomotive • 1838 • U.S. Army marches Cherokees on “Trail of Tears” to Oklahoma • 1848 • California Gold Rush begins Table of Contents

8. Unit 3 Timeline Place in NOTES section of NOTEBOOK • 1848 • Women’s Rights Convention held for voting rights • Sojourner Truth speaks at this convention. “Ain’t I a woman?” • 1850 • California admitted to the Union • 1852 • Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle Tom’s Cabin • 1st Anti-Slavery Novel written by white male. Table of Contents

9. American Literature Grows Up.. Romanticism • Dominated during 19th Cent. • Not really about “L-O-V-E.” • Imagination over Reason • Intuition over Fact • Valued American intellectual independence from Europe • Held to the belief American should create their culture; not copy from the Europeans • Truth lies in the “Over-Soul” • All should have access to divine inspiration and knowledge • Valued women and slaves Transcendentalism New England Renaissance Table of Contents

10. Unit 3 Authors Washington Irving Emily Dickinson Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne Herman Melville Emerson Walt Whitman Mayo Angelou Robert Frost Nikki Giovanni Langston Hughes

11. Washington Irving • 1783-1859 • Born into wealth; was going to be a lawyer; • Traveled across America & Europe publishing & reading • Used the pseudonym Diedrich Knickerbocker to publish early works • Took well-known European tales & turned them into American classics • Rip Van Winkle • The Legend of Sleepy Hollow • Did not die broke

12. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow: The Headless Horseman’s Tale Table of Contents

13. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow: The Headless Horseman’s Tale Table of Contents

14. Edgar Allan Poe • 1809-1849 • Celebrated and Hated • Deadbeat father; mother died at an early age • Addicted to gambling • The Originator – The Original Stephen King • Short Story • Detective Story • Psychological Theater Back to the Authors

15. The Fall of the House of Usher • The narrator (unnamed) visits his childhood friend, Roderick Usher, who is deathly ill. • Roderick’s twin sister has just died and buries sister, with the help of our narrator in the mansion’s basement. • Both begin to hear strange noises • Roderick says that sister might have been alive when they buried her. • Sister escapes coffin; scares Roderick to death and dies • Narrator flees house scared to DEATH. Back to the Authors

16. The Fall of the House of Usher • LITERARY ANALYSIS • The Single Effect: A story that achieves a certain unique or SINGLE EFFECT • Every character, action, word, incident, and detail should be about that Single Effect. • Questions to ask yourself as you read? • Is seeing believing or believing seeing? • How does the changes in the house as the story progress add to the story’s overall effect? Back to the Authors

17. House of usher - 1960 Back to the Authors

18. House of usher - 1960 Starring Vincent Price Back to the Authors

19. Herman Melville Back to the Authors

20. Walt Whitman • 1819-1892 • Loved and hated by critics and readers • Fired because he opposed slavery • Inspired of Emerson • Defined a poet as: • “The proof of a poet is that his country absorbs him as affectionately as he absorbed it. “ Back to the Authors

21. Walt’s Barbaric Yawp Back to the Authors

22. Robert Frost • 1874-1963 • Held several jobs in his lifetime • Frost’s fame came later in life • Very down-to-earth poet • Terrified of public speaking • Participated in the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy • Considered the “unofficial” poet laureate of the U.S. Back to the Authors Table ofContents

23. Robert Frost – Fire and Ice Some say the world will end in fire; Some say in ice. From what I've tasted of desire I hold with those who favor fire. But if it had to perish twice, I think I know enough of hate To know that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice. Back to the Authors

24. Langston Hughes • 1902-1967 • Named class poet of his 8th grade class • Influenced by Carl Sandberg and Walt Whitman • Hughes was a key contributor in the Harlem Renaissance • Uses blues & jazz to give life to his poetry • Known as the “Poet Laureate of the Negro Race.” Back to the Authors

25. Langston Hughes – I Dream a World I dream a world where man No other man will scorn, Where love will bless the earth And peace its paths adorn. I dream a world where all Will know sweet freedom's way, Where greed no longer saps the soul Nor avarice blights our day. A world I dream where black or white, Whatever race you be, Will share the bounties of the earth And every man is free, Where wretchedness will hang its head And joy, like a pearl, Attends the needs of all mankind-- Of such I dream, my world! Back to the Authors

26. Nathaniel Hawthorne Back to the Authors

27. Emily Dickinson • 1830-1886 • Wrote 1,775 poems only 7 published BEFORE her death • Shy woman – often wrote anonymously • Active childhood – became a recluse as an adult • In 1874 after her father’s death, she seldom left her house for ten years • In her will, requested that her poems be destroyed Back to the Authors

28. Emily Dickinson • Literary Analysis • Exact Rhyme: 2 words have identical sounds in their final accented syllabus • Slant Rhyme: Final sounds are similar but NOT identical. Back to the Authors

29. Ralph Waldo Emerson Back to the Authors

30. Welcome to Poetry Jam • What is Poetry? • Carefully chosen words that express a great depth of meaning. • Poetry uses specific devices like connotation, sound, and rhythm to express the combination of meaning and emotion • Types of Poetry • Narrative • Dramatic • Lyric Table of Contents

31. Types of Poetry Tells a Story Uses drama for 1 or more characters Thoughts of 1 – A sonnet, ode, or haiku Table of Contents

32. Elements of Poetry • Groups of poetic lines are called stanzas. • Imagery • Language that uses images • Words or phrases that appeal to one or more of the senses Table of Contents

33. Table of Contents Sound Devices Rhyme – Repetition of sounds at the end of the words Alliteration : Repetition of INITIAL consonant sounds Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though Moo Achoo Belch Don't delay dawns disarming display I couldn’t be right after your . nightmare. there Onomatopoeia – words that sound like what it means. Consonance: Repetition of FINAL consonant sounds Elements that enhance a poem’s meaning by adding musical quality to the languages.

34. Introducing Jay Fizzle Table of Contents

35. Dear Father by J.Ivy Table of Contents

36. Elements of Poetry • Figure of Speech • Simile – compares two unlike things with like or as • “I wandered LONELY as a CLOUD.” • Metaphor – Compares two unlike things without using like or as • “Life is a broken-winged bird.” • Personification – Gives human traits to something nonhuman • “Let the RAIN SING you a lullaby.” • Oxymoron – Combines two contradictory words; • “Wise fool.” • Figurative Language • Language used imaginatively instead of literally and includes one or more figure of speech Table of Contents

37. Mayo Angelou • Born April 4, 1928 • Called “America’s most visible black female autobiographer.” Wrote 6 (SIX) Autobiography • Most famous work – I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings • Victim & conqueror of child molestation • Recited her poem “On the Pulse of Morning” at Clinton Inauguration Table of Contents

38. Phenomenal Woman Table of Contents

39. Nikki Giovanni • Born in Knoxville, Tn on June 7, 1943 • Attended Rutgers University • Has a tattoo honoring Tupac Shakur that says “Thug Life” • Spoke to the Virginia Tech student body after the Virginia Tech massacre • “We know we did nothing to deserve it. But neither does a child in Africa dying of AIDS. Neither do the invisible children walking the night away to avoid being captured by a rogue army. Neither does the baby elephant watching his community being devastated for ivory. Neither does the Mexican child looking for fresh water...We are Virginia Tech...We will prevail” Table of Contents

40. Love is • Some people forget that love is tucking you in and kissing you "Good night" no matter how young or old you are Some people don't remember that love is listening and laughing and asking questions no matter what your age Few recognize that love is commitment, responsibility no fun at all unless Love is You and me Table of Contents

41. A Summer Love Poem Clouds float by on a summer sky I hop scotch over to you Rainbows arch from ground to gold I climb over to you Thunder grumbles, lightning tumbles And I bounce over to you Sun beams back and catches me Smiling over at you Table of Contents

42. A Summer Love Poem By Us Now, take 5 minutes & write a 5th (FIFTH) Stanza to A Summer Love Poem. Table of Contents

43. Langston Hughes – A Raisin in the Sun Table of Contents What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or does it explode? Or fester like a sore-- And then run? Maybe it just sags like a heavy load. Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over-- like a syrupy sweet?

44. Nikki Giovanni – Def Poetry Jam Table of Contents

45. Nikki Giovanni – Def Poetry Jam Table of Contents

46. Ego-Trippin Table of Contents

47. Ghost Stories & Urban Legends Is Believing Seeing… Or is Believing Seeing?

48. What is an Urban Legend • A cautionary or moralistic tale passed along orally. • The legend stems from an incident that befell individuals personally or an acquaintance. • Urban legends are set in contemporary times • 85% of all urban legends are based on ACTUAL accounts. • Some people • Some people don’t. • Is Seeing believing or believing?

49. The Haunting in Connecticut An Urban Legend that’s true • In 1987, a particularly nightmarish haunting occurred in Southington, Connecticut, to a family that had just moved in to a long empty house on Meriden Avenue. • Soon after settling in, the family discovered a small graveyard in back, an embalming chamber in the basement, and drawers full of creepy corpse photographs: their new house had previously been a Funeral Home dating back to the 1920s.

50. The Haunting in Connecticut An Urban Legend that’s true • Almost immediately, the family began to experience paranormal activity – strange sounds, changes in temperature, and the appearance of mysterious figures • As the family's lives and sanity were pushed to the edge, the mother contacted Ed and Lorraine Warren for help. The duo had investigated the famed Amityville Horror case. • Through their help, the family was able to uncover the terrible secrets lurking in the house and to confront the most shocking evil spirits ever seen in an American haunting.