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青岛滨海学院精品课程 英语精品课程 孙敏副教授

青岛滨海学院精品课程 英语精品课程 孙敏副教授. Revision :. 1 .科技英语的词汇特点及汉译 特点:用词准确、语言简练、朴实无华、条例清楚、内容完整。 翻译要求:对于专业术语,应根据所译材料的不同专业领域不不同的上下文,选择适合该领域及上下文的正确、规范的词义。对于非专业词汇,可采用引申、具体化、省略、以及运用构词法知识确定词义,准确翻译。 2 .科技英语的句法特点及汉译 特点:句子长,结构复杂,且多用被动语态。 翻译要求:理清句子的层次,判断各层次意思之间的语法及逻辑关系,灵活采用各种翻译表达技巧和专业知识,将各层意思准确地译出。.

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青岛滨海学院精品课程 英语精品课程 孙敏副教授

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  1. 青岛滨海学院精品课程英语精品课程孙敏副教授青岛滨海学院精品课程英语精品课程孙敏副教授

  2. Revision: • 1.科技英语的词汇特点及汉译 • 特点:用词准确、语言简练、朴实无华、条例清楚、内容完整。 • 翻译要求:对于专业术语,应根据所译材料的不同专业领域不不同的上下文,选择适合该领域及上下文的正确、规范的词义。对于非专业词汇,可采用引申、具体化、省略、以及运用构词法知识确定词义,准确翻译。 • 2.科技英语的句法特点及汉译 • 特点:句子长,结构复杂,且多用被动语态。 • 翻译要求:理清句子的层次,判断各层次意思之间的语法及逻辑关系,灵活采用各种翻译表达技巧和专业知识,将各层意思准确地译出。

  3. 3.科技英语的文体特点及汉译 • 特点:文体庄重严肃、文字结构严谨、朴实无华,多用被动语句和复杂长句。 • 翻译要求:把握原文的词义、语法结构,对原文进行语法、专业和逻辑分析,弄清各概念间的逻辑关系,达到对原文的透彻理解。然后结合专业知识,灵活运用翻译技巧,根据汉语的表达习惯,使用规范的汉语组织译文,力求再现原文的内容、形式及风格。

  4. II. New Lesson • i. A presentation of the main contents: • 一、文学翻译的标准 • 二、文学翻译过程的三个阶段: • (1) 理解阶段,即结合原作创作时代的作者所属流派和一般特征,通过原作语言结构,体会原作者的技术传作意图,进而把握原作精神; • (2)印证阶段,即结合自己的生活经历和生活经验,凭借自己的想象力和联想力,在自己思想感情中寻找适当的印证; • (3)表达阶段,即运用适合原作风格的文学语言,尽可能正确而充分地再现原作的人容和形式,力争内容和形式相统一。

  5. 三、文学翻译必须使用文学语言 • 1. 文学语言具有准确、形象、生动、自然等特征,译者应根据原作的艺术意境和语言特色,在译文里寻找适当的语言形式,使之文情并茂。 • 2. 运用娴熟的汉语,再现人物语言的形象化和个性化,使译文产生“如闻其声,如见其人”的艺术效果。 • 3. 凭借自己的审美体验,深刻理解原作的艺术美,进而形神兼备地再现这种艺术美。

  6. 四.文学翻译的注意事项: • 1.注意叙事层次 • 2. 注意拟声词的译法 • 3. 注意如诗如画的情景描写 • 4. 注意人物的形象刻画 • 5. 注意“移情” • 6. 注意风格的迻译

  7. Part One 理论 • 一、文学翻译的标准 • 二、文学翻译的过程 • 三、文学翻译必须使用文学语言 • 四、加强文学翻译的基本功训练

  8. 一、文学翻译的标准 • 对于文学翻译的要求是,“用另一种语言,把原作的艺术意境传达出来,使读者在读译文时能够像读原作时一样得到启发、感动和美的感受。也就是说,在翻译文学作品时,不仅要用晓畅易懂的语言,再现原文的思想内容,而且还要再现原作的艺术意境,尽可能彻底地保留原作的美学价值,以满足社会的认知需要、教育需要和审美需要。 • 文学翻译的最高标准(钱钟书):“化境”,即“把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字,即能不因语文习惯的差异露出生硬牵强的痕迹,又能完全保存原有的风味。请仔细阅读下面的翻译例句,仔细体会,并指出其翻译的特点。

  9. They left me at the gate, not easily or lightly…and it was a strange sight to me to see cart go on, taking Peggoty away… • 送到栅栏门儿,他们就和我情重意长、难舍难离地告别了。我眼看着车载着坡勾提走了,…… • 这种光景,使我感到,苦辣酸甜,齐上心来。(张谷若译) • Persuaded as Miss Bingley was that Darcy admired Elizabeth, this was not the best method of recommending herself; but angry people are not always wise.

  10. 译文1 彬格莱小姐既然早已断定达西爱上了伊丽莎白,又要用这种办法来博得他的欢心,实在不太高明;不过人们在一时气愤之下,往往难免有失算的时候。(王科一译) • 译文2 宾利小姐既然认定达西爱上了伊丽莎白,想用这种办法来博得他的欢心,实在不是个上策。不过人一到气头上,也难免有失策的时候。(孙致礼译) • 请大家根据上述要求试译下面一段文字,并分析和体会文学作品与其他题材翻译的不同。 返 回

  11. The evening wind made such a disturbance just now, among some tall old elm-trees at the bottom of the garden, that neither my mother nor Miss Betsey could forbear glancing that way. As the elms bent to one another, like giants who were whispering secrets, and after a few seconds of such repose, fell into a violent flurry, tossing their wild arms about, as if their late confidences were really too wicked for their peace of mind, some weather-beaten ragged old rooks’ nests burdening their higher branches, swung like wrecks upon a stormy sea. (Charles Dickens: David Copperfield)。

  12. 提示:(1)该选段写my mother 和Miss Betsey 眼中的晚风(evening wind)、榆树(the old elmm-trees)和鸦巢(rooks’ nests),宛若一幅意境很深的油画;(2)原作采用拟人化手法,语言生动、形象;(叙事层次分明。翻译时应尽量保留这些特点。 • 译文:恰恰在那时候,晚风吹过,在庭园尽头几棵高大的老榆树中间引起了一阵骚动,让我母亲和贝萃小姐,都不由自主地往那儿瞧去。只见那几棵榆树,起先枝柯低弯俯接,好像它们刚才谈的体己话太坏了,使它们觉得于心难安,因而手臂狂挥;在这几棵树乱摇狂摆的时候,筑在树顶上那几个饱经风雨、残破零落的乌鸦旧巢,就像在惊涛骇浪里的破船一样,掀簸折腾起来。(张谷若译)

  13. 二、文学翻译的过程 • 文学翻译过程分为三个阶段: • (1) 理解阶段,即结合原作创作时代的作者所属流派和一般特征,通过原作语言结构,体会原作者的技术传作意图,进而把握原作精神; • (2)印证阶段,即结合自己的生活经历和生活经验,凭借自己的想象力和联想力,在自己思想感情中寻找适当的印证; • (3)表达阶段,即运用适合原作风格的文学语言,尽可能正确而充分地再现原作的人容和形式,力争内容和形式相统一。 • 试阅读下面几段优秀译作,并将原文和译文作对比分析:

  14. 原文1 • The wedding was very much like other weddings, where the parties had no taste for finery or parade; and Mrs. Elton, from the particulars detailed by her husband, thought it all extremely shabby and very inferior to her own. “Very little white satin, very few lace veils; a most pitiful business. Selina would stare when she heard of it.” But, in spite of these deficiencies, the wishes, the hopes, the confidence, the predictions of the small band of true friends who witnessed the ceremony, were fully answered in the perfect happiness of the union. (Jane Austin: Emma)

  15. 译文I • 这个婚礼也像别的婚礼一样,双方都不喜欢装饰和炫耀。厄尔吞夫人,根据从她丈夫听到的详细汇报,认为非常寒伧,远远不及当时她自己的婚礼。 “很少白绫,很少花边面纱,太可怜。赛黎娜要是听说,一定会吃惊。”但是,尽管有这些欠缺,而亲眼看到婚礼的那一小群忠实朋友的希望、信任与预测,都在这个结合得十全十美的幸福婚姻上得到了实现。(刘重德译,《爱玛》1982)

  16. 译文II • 它们的仪式与其他不讲排场的人一样,简单朴实。埃尔顿太太听了丈夫的详细介绍后,觉得实在寒酸,与她的婚礼相比望尘莫及。 “白缎和花边缎都舍不得多用,太可怜了!塞利纳听到了大吃一惊!”虽然有这许多欠缺,这一对信任却美满幸福,那天参加婚礼的几位亲密朋友的好心、希望、信念和预言都变成了现实。 (张经浩:《爱玛》1984) 实践

  17. At seventeen the promise of Noelle’s early beauty had been more than fulfilled. She had matured into an exquisite woman. She had fine, delicate features, eyes a vivid violet color and soft ash-blond hair. Her skin was fresh and golden as though she had been dipped in honey. (Sidney Sheldon: The Other Side of Midnight, 1973) 实践

  18. 译文I:17岁时,萝爱拉就出落得更加尽善尽美了。一双动人的大眼睛,闪耀着紫罗兰色的光芒,灰黄色的长发,柔和地披散在浑圆的肩头,娇嫩白皙的皮肤,好像在蜜糖中泡过一样,光彩照人。(汪雨、工雨:《狰狞的夜:,1985》)译文I:17岁时,萝爱拉就出落得更加尽善尽美了。一双动人的大眼睛,闪耀着紫罗兰色的光芒,灰黄色的长发,柔和地披散在浑圆的肩头,娇嫩白皙的皮肤,好像在蜜糖中泡过一样,光彩照人。(汪雨、工雨:《狰狞的夜:,1985》) • 译文II:诺艾丽17岁时,早先便有的那种美丽就更加显得出类拔萃。她已经称为一个俊俏的女郎:身材苗条,一双媚人的紫色眼睛,加上柔软的淡黄色头发,标致极了。她的皮肤洁白细嫩,好像在蜜糖里浸过似的。(丁振祺、戴天佑:《午夜情》,1985) 实践

  19. 三、文学翻译必须使用文学语言 • 所谓文学语言,即是文学作品的语言材料、又有小说语言、诗歌语言、戏剧语言、散文语言等之分。翻译文学作品,不仅要研究文学语言的一般特征,还要研究文学样式的具体语言特点,从而做到译诗像诗,译小说像小说。本章只介绍英文小说翻译的几个侧面,即文学语言的基本特点及翻译。 • 1. 文学语言具有准确、形象、生动、自然等特征,译者应根据原作的艺术意境和语言特色,在译文里寻找适当的语言形式,使之文情并茂。 如: 实践

  20. Daffodils all along the hedgerow swung like yellow, ruffled birds on their perches. • 清风徐徐,沿灌木篱笆旁的水仙花轻轻地摇摆着,颇似栖息地鸟儿扇动着金黄色羽毛。 • With tangled emotions, Syson noted the plum blossom falling on the profuse, colored primroses, which he himself had brought here and set. How they had increases! There were thick tufts of scarlet and pink, and pale purple primroses under the plum three. • 西森怀着极其复杂的感情,看着梅花撒落在绚丽多彩的萋萋樱草上。这樱草是他亲自移植到,繁殖得好快呀!一簇簇,一团团,深红、粉红和淡紫,在梅花树下竞相争妍。 实践

  21. 2. 运用娴熟的汉语,再现人物语言的形象化和个性化,使译文产生“如闻其声,如见其人”的艺术效果。 • “Say, some tenderness, that!” This is reference to a smile or a melting glance on the part of a female.. • “唷,瞧那样多温存!“这说的是一位女性的嫣然一笑,或者回眸传情。 • “O no- I wouldn’t have it for the world!” declared Tess. “And letting everybody know the reason- such a thing to be ashamed o’!” • “不能,俺豁着死了,也不能那么班办”苔丝骄傲地大声说。“这样的事情要是让别人知道了,还不得把人臊死吗?” (张谷若译) 实践

  22. 3.凭借自己的审美体验,深刻理解原作的艺术美,进而形神兼备地再现这种艺术美。3.凭借自己的审美体验,深刻理解原作的艺术美,进而形神兼备地再现这种艺术美。 • Between two tall gateposts of rough-hewn stone (the gate itself having fallen from its hinges at some unknown epoch) we beheld the gray front of the old personage terminating the vista of an avenue of black ash trees. • 一条大路,两旁蜡树成林,路尽头可以望见牧师旧宅的灰门前,路口园门的门拱已不知在哪一年掉下来了,可是两座粗石雕成的门柱还未然屹立着。(夏济安译) 实践

  23. We spent all our time…trying to win the favor of the animalmen, the workers, the acrobats, and the clowns. • 我们整天的功夫就算是送给它了……跟那些管狮子老虎的,管杂事的,走索儿翻筋斗的,扮小丑的搭讪着话,套交情。 (吕叔湘译) • I think he was married and had a lioness at homes. • 我想他一定是个有妇之夫,而他太太有是一个母老虎。 实践

  24. There is a great quantity of eating and drinking, making love and jilting, laughing and the contrary, smoking, cheating, fighting, dancing and fiddling. • 市场上的人有的在吃喝,有的在调情。有的得了新宠忘了旧爱,有在校的,有在哭的,还有的在抽烟的,打架的,跳舞的,拉提琴的,诓骗哄人的。(杨必译) • 简而言之,文学翻译使用的语言一要自然,二要富有情感。尽可能用朴素自然的语言,使译文产生感人的艺术效果,给读者以启迪、愉悦和美感。 实践

  25. 四、加强文学翻译的基本功训练 • 翻译艺术是一门语言艺术。翻译者要从翻译涉及到语言入手,多读、多译、多思考,从中悟出一些道理来。 • 请根据要求提示,试译下列各段: • 1.注意叙事层次 • About twenty minutes before his fall, that is at about 9:10 a.M., Tusker has dragged Bloxsaw into his garage, locked him in, then told Ibrahim that he was dismissed and could clear out right away. He had paid him off. That was 9:15. • 约在跌倒前20分钟,也就是上午9时10分左右,塔斯克把布洛克索(他的爱犬)拖进车库,上了锁,然后告诉伊布拉希姆被解雇的决定,并且说他可以立即离开,塔斯克给他付清了当月的工资,那时是9时15分。 实践

  26. 2. 注意拟声词的译法 • After a few preliminary tries, the whole farm burst out into “ Beasts of England” in tremendous unison. The cows lowed it, the dogs whined it, the sheep bleated it, the horses whinnied it, the ducks quacked it. They were so delighted with the song that they sang it right through five times. • 众伙伴先是小试几次,然后同声高唱起来,于是整个农场上响起了《英格兰动物》之歌。牛儿哞,狗儿嗷,羊儿咩,马儿嘶鸣,鸭儿嘎嘎,各个眉飞色舞,一连唱了五遍方才尽兴。 实践

  27. 3. 注意如诗如画的情景描写 • Magic willow-covered islands seem to float on the grayish moistness, and you do not know whether the mountains have gone up to meet the clouds or the clouds have come down to meet the mountains. • 杨柳掩映下的岛屿,似乎是飘浮在银灰色雾霭之上,究竟山峦沸腾而上接云雾呢?还是云雾下降而环保山峦呢? 实践

  28. 4. 注意人物的形象刻画 • She was quite a child, perhaps seven or eight years old, slightly built, with a pale, small-featured face, and a redundancy of hair falling in curls to her waist. • 她完全是个小孩,七八岁光景,神采纤细,脸色苍白,五官小巧,过长的头发卷成发卷垂到腰际。 • 5. 注意“移情” • “ Listen, don’t give me that, the only reason you care, the only reason you give a fuck about it is because someone knew about it first! You never wanted to know anything I was doing, or anything I wasn’t doing; you just wanted me to leave you alone! Well, I left you alone, didn’t I ?” • “听着,你别跟我来这一套。你为这件事操心的唯一原因,你为这事操他妈一点心得原因,就是因为别人先知道了!你从来就不想知道我在干什么,或者我不干什么,你只想让我别打扰你!嗯,我没有打扰你,对不对?” 实践

  29. 6. 注意风格的迻译 • Mrs. Joe was a very clean housekeeper, but had an exquisite art of making her cleanliness more uncomfortable and unacceptable than dirt itself. Cleanliness is next to Godliness, and some people do the same by their religion. • 乔大嫂是一个很爱情结的主妇,可惜她讲究清洁讲究得过了分,反而比肮脏更加讨人嫌,惹人厌。说起清洁,本来同敬神不过相去一步,有些人信教虔诚,也自然会讲究清洁。 (王科一译) • 乔夫人是一位非常爱干净的家庭主妇,但因为她非常过分地爱干净,她的干净使人感到不舒服、不愉快。干净本来是虔诚的邻居,所以有些虔诚的人也就爱起干净来了。 (罗志野译) 实践

  30. 翻译实践练习 • 将下列英文译成汉语: • 1. One morning, in the fall of 1880s, a middle-aged woman, accompanied by a young girl of eighteen, presented herself at the clerk’s desk of the principal hotel in Columbus, Ohio, and made inquiry as to whether there was anything about the place that she could do, She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and an innocent, diffident manner. Her eyes wer3 large and patient, and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only those who have looked sympathetic into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about. Any one could see where the daughter behind her got the timidity and shamefacedness which now caused her to stand back and look indifferently away. She was a product of the fancy, the feeling, the innate affection of the untutored but poetic mind of her mother combined with the gravity and poise which were characteristic of her father. Poverty was driving them. Together they presented so appealing a picture of honest necessity that even the clerk was affected

  31. 1880年秋天的一个早晨, 有一个中年妇人,带着一个18岁的青年女子,走进俄亥俄州科伦坡市的大旅馆里,到账房的写字台前,问他旅馆里有没有她能做的活。那妇人生着副绵软多肉的体格,一张坦率开诚的面容,一种天真羞怯的神情,一双大落落的柔顺的眼睛,里面隐藏着无穷的心事,只有那些对于凄惶无告的穷苦人作过同情观察到人才看得出来。跟在她后面的是她的女儿,一种畏惧和羞怯使她躲缩在后边,眼睛不敢对前面正视,这种神情是谁都看得出来她是从哪儿得来的。原来她的母亲虽然没有受过教育。却有一种含有诗意的心情,具备着幻想、感情和天生的仁厚,她的父亲呢,又特具一种沉着和稳重的性格,两下结合起来造成她这样一个人了。如今贫穷正在逼迫她们。当时她母女俩那种穷困窘迫的情景是很动人的,连那账房也受感动了。(建议:最后一句改译成:当时她母女俩那种穷困窘迫的情景让账房也生出一丝怜悯)。

  32. 2. My mother chose to understand her (Peggy) in terms of another religion. “I suppose,” she said, “ only God really gives. But people can give by not denying, which comes to the same thing. “ And then, like a stream swirling past a snag, the flow of her talk resumed, and her memories of buying the farm broadened to the farm itself, as it had been at the moment of purchase ravaged, eroded; as it had been in her girlhood, the tomato rows, the triangular field across from the meadow golden-green with sweet corn, the far field silver-green with alfalfa, a truck garden of potatoes and onions and cabbages and staked peas stretched all along the sandy ridge beyond the orchard whose overburdened lower limbs wore crutches, and even the woods fruitful, of berries and hickory nuts and firewood; the farm as it was now, at rest, the shaggy fields needing to be mowed.

  33. 我母亲有意从另一种信仰理解她 (佩吉)。 “我认为”,她说,“只有上帝才算真正地赐予。但是人们通过不拒绝来实现给予,可谓殊途同归吧。”犹如小溪绕过暗礁一样,她的谈话又滔滔不绝起来。她的记忆从购买农场扩展到了农场本身:当时是一片荒芜的、水土侵蚀严重的不毛之地。当她进入少女时期时,那一大片上土坡已经化作大麦的海洋;那一小片平坦的上坡地栽满了一排排、一行行的西红柿;草地对过度三角地里,甜玉米绿里透黄;远处的田野里,苜蓿绿中泛白;果园里那边沙岭一带的菜园中,有土豆、洋葱、大白菜,还有用木桩架起的豌豆;这边果园里,被果实压低的树枝用木棒支撑着;甚至树林里,除随处可见的烧柴木之外,浆果和山核桃都仰首皆是;而眼下的农场已闲置荒芜,杂草丛生,亟待耕锄

  34. 3. Narcissus is said to have been a young man of wonderful beauty, but intolerably proud, fastidious, and disdainful. Pleased with himself and despising all others, he held a solitary life in the woods and hunting grounds; with a few companions to whom he was all in all; followed also wherever he went by a nymph call Echo. Living thus, he came by chance one day to a clear fountain, and (being in the heat of noon ) lay by it; when beholding in the water his own image, he fell into such a study and then into such a rapturous admiration of himself, that he could not be drawn away from gazing T the shadowy picture, but remained rooted to the spot till sense left him; and at last he was changed into the flower that bears his name; a flower which appears in the early spring; and is sacred to the infernal deities, -Pluto, Proserpine, and the Furies. (Sir Francis Bacon: Narcissus; or Self-Love)

  35. 那喀索斯,人称风度翩翩美少年,唯心性高傲,锱铢必较,蔑视一切,令人不堪。自我陶醉,目无余子,常年出没于林泉猎场,优游岁月,与诗人不相往来;有俦侣二三,如鱼得水;行踪所至,仙女跬步不离,芳名厄科。朝夕如此,一日偶至清泉一泓,时值晌午,天气炎热,遂卧躺泉边,俯观水中倒影,始而不觉凝神观照继而自我恋慕,如痴如狂,谛视自家面貌若隐若现,良久不去,出神入定,有如树木扎根,直至感觉消失;终于边做水仙,名曰那喀索斯;水仙早春开花;遂为冥府诸神之祭品-普路托,普罗塞米皮那,复仇三女神。那喀索斯,人称风度翩翩美少年,唯心性高傲,锱铢必较,蔑视一切,令人不堪。自我陶醉,目无余子,常年出没于林泉猎场,优游岁月,与诗人不相往来;有俦侣二三,如鱼得水;行踪所至,仙女跬步不离,芳名厄科。朝夕如此,一日偶至清泉一泓,时值晌午,天气炎热,遂卧躺泉边,俯观水中倒影,始而不觉凝神观照继而自我恋慕,如痴如狂,谛视自家面貌若隐若现,良久不去,出神入定,有如树木扎根,直至感觉消失;终于边做水仙,名曰那喀索斯;水仙早春开花;遂为冥府诸神之祭品-普路托,普罗塞米皮那,复仇三女神。 • (杨自伍:《那喀索斯-论自恋》)

  36. 4. Nowhere and never in the world can there have been a deeper peace; and the bells from the little red church down by the river seemed to be the music of it, as the song of birds is the music of spring. There one saw how beautiful the life of man can be, and how men by the innocent labors of many generations can give to the earth a beauty it has never known it its wildness. And all this peace, one knew, was threatened; and the threat came into one’s mind as if it were a soundless message from over the great eastward plain; and with it the beauty seemed unsubstantial and strange, as if it were sinking away into the past, as if it were only a memory of childhood. (Arthur Clutton-Brock: Sunday Before the War)

  37. 世间任何地方在任何时候狗不可能领略比这儿更为深沉的和平。从山下河畔那座红砖小教堂传出的钟声,像是和平的主题音乐,正如啁啾鸟语是春天的音乐一样,在这儿。你看到了人类生活可有多么美好,人类又如何以迭代的诚实劳动给土地带来一种土地在蛮荒时代从未领略到的美。然而,你也意识到,这儿的和平景象正遭到威胁。这威胁如同穿越向东延伸到大平原传来的无声无息,随之,田园之美顿时变得空虚而诡奇,似乎正融入往昔而渐渐消失,渺远宛若童年的回忆。世间任何地方在任何时候狗不可能领略比这儿更为深沉的和平。从山下河畔那座红砖小教堂传出的钟声,像是和平的主题音乐,正如啁啾鸟语是春天的音乐一样,在这儿。你看到了人类生活可有多么美好,人类又如何以迭代的诚实劳动给土地带来一种土地在蛮荒时代从未领略到的美。然而,你也意识到,这儿的和平景象正遭到威胁。这威胁如同穿越向东延伸到大平原传来的无声无息,随之,田园之美顿时变得空虚而诡奇,似乎正融入往昔而渐渐消失,渺远宛若童年的回忆。 • (陆谷孙译:《战前的和平》)

  38. III. Summary • 一:文学翻译的标准: • 对于文学翻译的要求是,“用另一种语言,把原作的艺术意境传达出来,使读者在读译文时能够像读原作时一样得到启发、感动和美的感受。也就是说,在翻译文学作品时,不仅要用晓畅易懂的语言,再现原文的思想内容,而且还要再现原作的艺术意境,尽可能彻底地保留原作的美学价值,以满足社会的认知需要、教育需要和审美需要。 • 文学翻译的最高标准(钱钟书):“化境”,即“把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字,即能不因语文习惯的差异露出生硬牵强的痕迹,又能完全保存原有的风味。

  39. 二、文学翻译过程的三个阶段: • (1) 理解阶段,即结合原作创作时代的作者所属流派和一般特征,通过原作语言结构,体会原作者的技术传作意图,进而把握原作精神; • (2)印证阶段,即结合自己的生活经历和生活经验,凭借自己的想象力和联想力,在自己思想感情中寻找适当的印证; • (3)表达阶段,即运用适合原作风格的文学语言,尽可能正确而充分地再现原作的人容和形式,力争内容和形式相统一。

  40. 三、文学翻译必须使用文学语言 • 1. 文学语言具有准确、形象、生动、自然等特征,译者应根据原作的艺术意境和语言特色,在译文里寻找适当的语言形式,使之文情并茂。 • 2. 运用娴熟的汉语,再现人物语言的形象化和个性化,使译文产生“如闻其声,如见其人”的艺术效果。 • 3. 凭借自己的审美体验,深刻理解原作的艺术美,进而形神兼备地再现这种艺术美。

  41. IV. 巩固 (Consolidation) • 参读书目: • 英汉翻译基础教程 穆雷 • 英汉翻译教程 杨士焯 • 3. 应用文翻译教程 方梦之 返 回

  42. 谢谢使用!

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