APA Part 1 – Test citations

1. APA Part 1 – Test citations APA Citing:“Pretest”

2. Example Article:Format This on a Piece of Paper

3. Pick the Correct Text Citation • Text citation: • (Lee, Zhang and Yin, 2011) • (Lee, Yin, Zhang, 2011) • (Lee et al., 2011). • (Lee, Zhang, & Yin, 2011). Text citation: • (Lee, Zhang and Yin, 2011) • (Lee, Yin, Zhang, 2011) • (Lee et al., 2011). • (Lee, Zhang, & Yin, 2011).

4. Pick the Correct Reference Citation • Lee, H. C.-K., Zhang, Z., & Yin, H. (2011). A multilevel analysis of the impact of a professional learning community.” Teaching and Teacher Education: An International Journal of Research and Studies, 27(5), 820-830. • Lee, H. C.-K., Zhang, Z., & Yin, H. (2011). “A Multilevel Analysis of the Impact of a Professional Learning Community.” Teaching and Teacher Education: An International Journal of Research and Studies, 27, 5 (Jul 2011): pp. 820-830. • Lee, H. C.-K., Zhang, Z., & Yin, H. (July, 2011). A Multilevel Analysis of the Impact of a Professional Learning Community. Teaching and teacher education: An international journal of research and studies, 27, 5, 820-830. • Lee, H. C.-K., Zhang, Z., & Yin, H. (2011). A multilevel analysis of the impact of a professional learning community.” Teaching and Teacher Education: An International Journal of Research and Studies, 27(5), 820-830. • Lee, H. C.-K., Zhang, Z., & Yin, H. (2011). “A Multilevel Analysis of the Impact of a Professional Learning Community.” Teaching and Teacher Education: An International Journal of Research and Studies, 27, 5 (Jul 2011): pp. 820-830. • Lee, H. C.-K., Zhang, Z., & Yin, H. (July, 2011). A Multilevel Analysis of the Impact of a Professional Learning Community. Teaching and teacher education: An international journal of research and studies, 27, 5, 820-830.

5. APA Part 1 – Test citations APA Citing:Part 1 – Text Citations

6. APA Resources • Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.) • APA help / tutorials: • APA Library Guide – see video tutorialshttp://nova.campusguides.com/apa • APA’s Style site and blog:http://www.apastyle.org/ and http://blog.apastyle.org/

7. When to Cite • Ideas, theories, or research that directly influenced your work. • Key background information, support or dispute your theory, or offer critical definitions or data. • Document all facts and figures that are not common knowledge. • For class assignments, use 1 or 2 of most representative sources for each key point. • Literature reviews are more exhaustive . See APA (6th ed.), p. 169

8. Test and Reference Citations Two types of citations - text citations and reference citations

9. Direct Quotes Text citation (paraphrased): McPherson (2012) raised issues of motivation in reading. Text citation with direct quote: McPherson (2012) coined the phrase “goblet of motivation” (p. 71). Reference citation -- used in reference list: McPherson, K. (2012). Harry Potter and the goblet of motivation. Teacher Librarian,34(4), 71. doi:10.1037/0002-9432.76.4.482

10. Citing Resources in Text Citing Resources in Text Research (Fink, 2007) confirmed the results of cloning. The website did not support the data (Wienhorst, n.d.). A couple of studies (Gehring & Eifrig, 1976; Skinner, 1956)found.... [in alphabetical order] Several studies (Department of Defense, 2002, 2008; Smith & Jones, 2009a, 2009b) See APA manual, pp. 176-178.

11. When to Use Ampersands and Commas • Stating vs. citing QuinlanandBardeen (2007) published a definitive study on information literacy in higher education. but Information literacy needs to be integrated into the curriculum (Quinlan &Bardeen, 2007).

12. Ampersands and Commas in Citations • Stating vs. citing QuinlanandBardeen (2007) published a definitive study on information literacy in higher education. but Information literacy needs to be integrated into the curriculum (Quinlan &Bardeen, 2007). • Three or more authors cited, use commas Researchers (Creswell, Borg, &Allsop, 2004) have found that this is true. Creswell, Borg, andAllsop (2004) found that this is true.

13. Differences in Text vs. Reference List Tunon and Ramirez (2012) found that... … in the study (Tunon & Ramirez, 2012). Tunon, J., & Ramirez, L. (2012). ABD or EdD? Journal of Academic Librarianship, 10(2), 23-43. See APA manual, pp. 177, .

14. Six or More Authors in Text vs. Reference List Text citation for six or more authors: Wienhorst et al. (2010) found that …. Reference citation with more than seven authors: Wienhorst, S., Jones, R. E., Smith, T., Stonebraker, W., Schaefer, A., Johnson, M..., &Allsop, S. | (2010). What... List the first six authors and last author. Separate with ellipses. See APA manual, pp. 177, 184, 198.

15. Test Yourself Citations in text: Quinlan,Jones, Byron, and Montgomery (2008) stated Quinlan et al. (2008) observed (et al. is used after first use when there are three or more authors)Parenthetical citations in text: (Quinlan, Jones, Byron, & Montgomery, 2008) (Quinlan et al., 2008) One work by six or more authors: Wienhorst et al. (2009) (Wienhorst et al., 2009) Always use et al. for six or more authors for in-text citations. See APA manual, p. 177

16. Groups as Authors Use parentheses. Must use acronym thereafter. Citations in text: The American Psychological Association (APA) observed… American Psychological Association [APA] (2009) stated…Parenthetical citations in text: (American Psychological Association [APA], 2009) NOTE: Use (APA, 2009) thereafter. See APA manual, p. 176

17. Groups as Authors Use parentheses. Must use acronym thereafter. Citations in text: The American Psychological Association (APA) observed… American Psychological Association [APA] (2009)stated…Parenthetical citations in text: (American Psychological Association [APA],2009) NOTE: Use (APA, 2009) thereafter. Use brackets. No back-to-back parentheses. See APA manual, p. 176

18. Test yourself • The research project (Smith, Brown, and Jones, no date) • or • The research project (Smith, Brown, & Jones, n.d.) • or • 3. The research project (Smith, Brown, & Jones, no date) • or • 4. The research project (Smith, Brown, and Jones, n.d.)   • Two research studies (APA, 2002; Barnes, 2005) • or • Two research studies (Barnes, 2005. APA, 2002)

19. Paraphrasing Direct quote “Signed into law in January 2002 by President George W. Bush, the No Child Let Behind (NCLB) Act signaled the nation’s most sweeping education reform of federal education policy in decades. NCLB laid the groundwork for education reforms and the president’s attempt to strengthen America’s education system”(Smith, 2008, p. 212). APA manual, pp. 170-171

20. More than 50% reworded Paraphrasing Direct quote “Signed into law in January 2002 by President George W. Bush, the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act signaled the nation’s most sweeping education reform of federal education policy in decades. NCLB laid the groundwork for education reforms and the president’s attempt to strengthen America’s education system”(Smith, 2008, p. 212). Paraphrased When the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act was signed into law in January of 2002 by President Bush, the law provided the most all-encompassing reform in education the United States in decades and provided a foundation for strengthening educational policy at the national level for years to come (Smith, 2008). APA manual, pp. 170-171

21. When using a direct quote, provide the page #: “… victims of cyberterrorism” (Windhorst, 2004, p. 237) . Krankenstein (2006) reported that "empirical research verified compliance" (p. 48). Lynch (2007) stated, “The findings are not valid” (p. 22) but later maintained that other studies reached different conclusions. “…in a dictionary” (Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 2001, p. 346). • See APA, Chapter 6, p. 171-173

22. When to Include Page Numbers in the Text and Reference List • In the text, the page number is required for direct quotes and optional for paraphrased content. For example:“ . . . validated findings” (Turner, 2012, p.233). • Turner, J. T. (2012). The circle of learning. Reading Teacher, 23(5), 229-234. • In the reference list: • Newspapers, newsletters, book chapters, conference proceedings. For example: Turner, J. (2009). Piaget’s reading theories (pp. 210-233). New York, NY: Scarecrow Press.

23. When to Include Page Numbers in the Text and Reference List • In the text, the page number is required for direct quotes and optional for paraphrased content. For example:“ . . . validated findings” (Turner, 2012, p.233). • Turner, J. T. (2012). The circle of learning. Reading Teacher, 23(5), 229-234. • In the reference list: • Newspapers, newsletters, book chapters, conference proceedings. For example: Turner, J. (2009). Piaget’s reading theories (pp. 210-233). New York, NY: Scarecrow Press.

24. Quotes Quotes must be introduced. See APA , pp. 92, 171 In midsentence The principal stated, “Instructors may or may not want to require an abstract for class assignments” (Tunon, 2006, p. 34), but she concluded that they always summarized the essential content of the paper. At end of a sentence Tunon (2006) found that “instructors may or may not want to require an abstract for class assignments” (p. 34).

25. APA manual, p. 92 Text vs Block Quotes Direct quote for less than 40 words: The abstract is a one-paragraph summary or overview of the paper and “should summarize the essential content of the paper” (Tunon, 2009, p. 34). Block quote (more than 40 words): Note where the periods go! Students at Nova Southeastern University have faced challenges in learning how to use APA formatting. When discussing the challenges, Strunk (1922) stated: Use quotes around an article title or book chapter, but italicize the title of a book, journal, brochure, or report when used in the body of the paper.  Use a short title in the parenthetical citation or complete title if the title is short. NOTE Non-periodical titles like books and book titles have all the important words capitalized in the text citations, but these same book titles do not have all the important words capitalized in the reference list. (p. 342) Callahan (2001), however, says ….

26. Text Cites of Electronic Resources In another case, Scanlon, Gallego, Duran, and Reyes (2005) found that the results should be “based on assumptions that individuals are capable of self-directed and self-initiated learning” (Methods section, para. 7). “The qualitative research methods discussed by Durango were challenged by Bambang and Totonumu” (Pival, Falcao, & Quinlan, 2009, “Problems with Qualitative Research,” para. 5). Use name of section. Use shortened section title in quotation marks. See APA (6th ed.), p. 172

27. Secondary Sources Text citation: Freud’s theory of the id, ego, and superego (as cited inDickerson, 2012) … Dickerson, L. (2012). Freudian concepts of id, ego and superego applied to chemical and other addictions. New York, NY: Universe. List the primary source in the reference list entry:

28. Test Yourself – Multiple Authors Citations in text: Quinlan,Jones, Byron, and Montgomery (2008) stated Quinlan et al. (2008) observed (et al. is used after first use when there are three or more authors)Parenthetical citations in text: (Quinlan, Jones, Byron, & Montgomery, 2008) (Quinlan et al., 2008) One work by six or more authors: Wienhorst et al. (2009) (Wienhorst et al., 2009) Always use et al. for six or more authors for in-text citations. See APA manual, p. 177

29. Test Yourself – Direct Quotes • MacDougall (2004, p. 34) stated that “the Information Literacy Model needed to be implemented”. • or • MacDougall (2004) stated that “the Information LiteracyModel needed to be implemented”(p. 34). • or • 3. MacDougall (2004) stated that “the Information LiteracyModel needed to be implemented.”(p. 34) 

30. APA Part 2 – Reference Citations APA Citing: Part 2 – Reference Citations

31. Document Type:Not Delivery Method or Format

32. Formatting Article Citation How to Cite a Journal Article in the Reference List

33. Author’s Names - Formatting Citing Journal Articles Author(s) Watkins, R., & Schlosser, C. (2000). It’s not about time: A fresh approach to educational equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), 34-47. • Initials, not first names. No title • Ampersand (&), not the word and • Comma before the ampersand. See APA (6th ed,), p. 184

34. Names • Do not include titles Arguellos, S., Ph.D.(2007).Bucher, J., Dr. (2005). • In the reference list, one space between initials Brown, J. D. (2003). • If author’s first name is hyphenated, retain hyphen Chin, E.-F., Barry, B., & Wilson, H. W. • Suffices Schaefer, W.,III,& Schaefer, W., Sr. APA (6th ed.), p. 184

35. Suffices for Namesin Text and Reference Citations • Use a space to separate last names and suffices In R. F. Johnson,Jr. & D. S. Altilio,III (Eds.), • For references in the text, do not include suffixes ( Johnson, 2011) According to Altilio (2012), … • For references in the reference list, use a comma to separate initials and suffices. Johnson, R. F., Jr., & Altilio, D. S., III, (2010). APA (6th ed.), pp. 24, 174, 184

36. Year of Publication Citing Journal Articles Year of publication Watkins, R., & Schlosser, C. (2000). It’s not about time: A fresh approach to educational equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), 34-47. • Enclosed in parentheses • Period after the parentheses • No month or day if the publication is a journal, • not a magazine, newsletter, or newspaper article. See APA (6th ed.), p. 185

37. Article Title Citing Journal Articles Article title Watkins, R., & Schlosser, C. (2000). It’s not about time:A fresh approach to educational equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), 34-47. • Only first word in title and subtitle should be • be capitalized as well as any proper names. • A period at the end of the title. • Only one space after the period, not two. See APA (6th ed.), p. 185

38. Journal Title Citing Journal Articles Watkins, R., & Schlosser, C. (2000). It’s not about time: A fresh approach to educational equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), 34-47. Journal title • Journal title should have all important words capitalized. • It is italicized • The journal title is followed by a comma See APA manual, pp. 186-187

39. Journal Information Citing Journal Articles Watkins, R., & Schlosser, C. (2000). It’s not about time: A fresh approach to educational equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), 34-47. • The volume number is italicized • There should be no space betweenthe volume number and issue number • Enclose issue number in parentheses • and follow by a comma • Do not use p. or pp. for journal articles. Volume, issue, and page number(s) See APA manual, p. 186

40. DOI Number Citing Journal Articles Retrieved Full Text Online: Watkins, R., & Schlosser, C. (2000). It’s not about time: A fresh approach to educational equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), 34-47.doi:10.1037/0002-9432.76.4.482 DOI number • Preferred: If the database has a Digital Object Identifier that functions as a unique identifier of the content and a link to the content, then use that. • If no DOI number is found, then citation ends with the period after the page number

41. Formatting of DOI Borman, W. C. (1993). Role of early supervisory experience in supervisor performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(5), 443-449. doi:10.1037 /0002-9432.76.4.482 • Do not capitalize doi, and do not include a space before or after the colon. • Break the number before most punctuation • Do not include a period after the DOI number. See APA manual, p. 192

42. Example of a DOI

43. DOI Lookup Tool DOI Lookup Tool

44. DOI Lookup Record

45. Use DOI to Link to Full Text Use the DOI to Link to Full Text

46. Use the DOI to link to full text Ingham, R. J., Warner, A., Byrd, A., & Cotton, J. (2006). Speech effort measurement and stuttering: Investigating the chorus reading effect. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 49(3), 660-670. doi:10.1044/1092 -4388(2006/048)

47. Book With Location and Publisher • Traditional Brooking, D. E. (2010). Research on distance learning. New York, NY: Wiley. APA manual, p. 202APA Style Blog: http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2011/06/how-do-you-cite-an-e-book.html

48. Book With URL • Traditional Brooking, D. E. (2010). Research on distance learning. New York, NY: Wiley. • URL Brooking, D. E. (2010). Research on distance learning. Available from http://www.wiley.com APA manual, p. 202APA Style Blog: http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2011/06/how-do-you-cite-an-e-book.html

49. Book With DOI • Traditional Brooking, D. E. (2010). Research on distance learning. New York, NY: Wiley. • URL Brooking, D. E. (2010). Research on distance learning. Available from http://www.wiley.com • DOI Brooking, D. E. (2010). Research on distance learning. doi:10.234.57993.wiley-2010.78211 APA manual, p. 202APA Style Blog: http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2011/06/how-do-you-cite-an-e-book.html

50. Citing Websites Entire website in text: National Center for Education Statistics [NCES] (http://nces.ed.gov) is a comprehensive statistical resource. Omit reference from reference list. APA Style FAQs -- http://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/cite-website.aspx