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Functional Discourse Grammar and constituent order typology

Functional Discourse Grammar and constituent order typology. Kees Hengeveld. Introduction. In Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG), constituent order is taken care of in a novel way in two different senses:

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Functional Discourse Grammar and constituent order typology

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  1. Functional Discourse Grammar and constituent order typology Kees Hengeveld

  2. Introduction In Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG), constituent order is taken care of in a novel way in two different senses: (i) the word order component of FDG makes use of templates that are dynamically constructed using maximally four absolute positions: initial (PI), second (P2), middle (PM) and final (PF)

  3. Introduction In Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG), constituent order is taken care of in a novel way in two different senses: (ii) the assignment of constituents to positions occurs in two different steps: a hierarchical and a configurational one

  4. Introduction These two aspects of the approach to constituent order in FDG provide a new perspective on classical constituent order typology: (i) the availability of maximally four absolute positions leads to the question whether the six-way classification of basic consituent orders in terms of S, O, and V is not far too simple

  5. Introduction These two aspects of the approach to constituent order in FDG provide a new perspective on classical constituent order typology: (ii) the hierarchical approach leads to the question whether one should really start looking at S, O, and V, rather than at peripheral constituents such as sentence adverbs.

  6. Contents 1. Constituent order in Functional Discourse Grammar 2. Classical constituent order typology 3. FDG templates and constituent order typology 4. FDG hierarchies and constituent order typology 5. Conclusions

  7. 1. Constituent order in Functional Discourse Grammar

  8. Frames, Lexemes, Primary operators Formulation Interpersonal Level Representational Level Templates, Auxiliaries, Secondary operators Morphosyntactic Encoding Morphosyntactic Level Prosodic patterns, Morphemes, Tertiary operators Phonological Encoding Phonological Level

  9. Morphosyntactic encoding Interpersonal Level Representational Level Morphosyntactic Level

  10. Steps in morphosyntactic encoding Hierarchical ordering (Alignment) Non-hierarchical ordering (Dummy-insertion) (Agreement)

  11. Templates Ordering templates make use of maximally four language specific absolute positions which serve as anchor points in the ordering process: initial, second, middle, and final position: PI P2 PM PF As soon as an absolute position is occupied, and only when it is occupied, the template is expanded with further relative positions: PI PI+1 PI+2 etc. P2 P2+1 P2+2 etc. etc. PM-2 PM-1 PM PM+1 PM+2 etc. etc. PF-2 PF-1 PF

  12. Hierarchical ordering Within each level assign a position to elements with higher scope before assigning a position to elements with lower scope Assign a position to interpersonal units before assigning a position to representational units

  13. Non-hierarchical ordering Non-hierarchical ordering is guided by alignment considerations: is a language accusative, ergative or hierarchical, does complexity of constituents play a role?

  14. Hierarchichal ordering: IL She finally (ΣA) honestly (ΣF) reportedly (ΣC) is the queen’s sister. PI PM --- ---

  15. Hierarchichal ordering: IL She finally (ΣA) honestly (ΣF) reportedly (ΣC) is the queen’s sister. PI PM PM+1 --- finally ---

  16. Hierarchichal ordering: IL She finally (ΣA) honestly (ΣF) reportedly (ΣC) is the queen’s sister. PI PM PM+1 PM+2 --- finally honestly ---

  17. Hierarchichal ordering: IL She finally (ΣA) honestly (ΣF) reportedly (ΣC) is the queen’s sister. PI PM PM+1 PM+2 PM+3 --- finally honestly reportedly ---

  18. Hierarchichal ordering: IL She finally (ΣA) honestly (ΣF) reportedly (ΣC) is the queen’s sister. PI PM PM+1 PM+2 PM+3 --- finally honestly reportedly [is the queens sister]

  19. Hierarchichal ordering: IL She finally (ΣA) honestly (ΣF) reportedly (ΣC) is the queen’s sister. PI PI+1 PM PM+1 PM+2 PM+3 She --- finally honestly reportedly [is the queens sister]

  20. Hierarchical ordering: RL She drinks continuously (σf) again (σe) recently (σep). PI PM PF --- --- ---

  21. Hierarchical ordering: RL She drinks continuously (σf) again (σe) recently (σep). PI PM PF-1 PF --- --- --- recently

  22. Hierarchical ordering: RL She drinks continuously (σf) again (σe) recently (σep). PI PM PF-2 PF-1 PF --- --- --- again recently

  23. Hierarchical ordering: RL She drinks continuously (σf) again (σe) recently (σep). PI PM PF-3 PF-2 PF-1 PF --- --- --- continuously again recently

  24. Hierarchical ordering: RL She drinks continuously (σf) again (σe) recently (σep). PI PI+1 PM PF-3 PF-2 PF-1 PF She --- --- --- continuously again recently

  25. Hierarchical ordering: RL She drinks continuously (σf) again (σe) recently (σep). PI PI+1 PM PF-3 PF-2 PF-1 PF She --- drinks --- continuously again recently

  26. Hierarchical ordering: IL/RL Perhaps (σp) I will (πep) accept that. PI PM --- ---

  27. Hierarchical ordering: IL/RL Perhaps (σp) I will (πep) accept that. PI PI+1 PM Perhaps --- ---

  28. Hierarchical ordering: IL/RL Perhaps (σp) I will (πep) accept that. PI PI+1 PM PM+1 Perhaps --- will ---

  29. Hierarchical ordering: IL/RL Perhaps (σp) I will (πep) accept that. PI PI+1 PM PM+1 PM+2 Perhaps --- will accept ---

  30. Hierarchical ordering: IL/RL Perhaps (σp) I will (πep) accept that. PI PI+1 PM PM+1 PM+2 Perhaps --- will accept that.

  31. Hierarchical ordering: IL/RL Perhaps (σp) I will (πep) accept that. PI PI+1 PM PM+1 PM+2 Perhaps I will accept that.

  32. Hierarchical ordering: IL/RL That (RContrast) perhaps (σp) I will (πep) accept. (Connolly 2012: 465) PI PM --- ---

  33. Hierarchical ordering: IL/RL That (RContrast) perhaps (σp) I will (πep) accept. PI PI+1PM That --- ---

  34. Hierarchical ordering: IL/RL That (RContrast) perhaps (σp) I will (πep) accept. PI PI+1 PI+2 PM That perhaps --- ---

  35. Hierarchical ordering: IL/RL That (RContrast) perhaps (σp) I will (πep) accept. PI PI+1 PI+2 PM PM+1 That perhaps --- will accept.

  36. Hierarchical ordering: IL/RL That (RContrast) perhaps (σp) I will (πep) accept. PI PI+1 PI+2 PM PM+1 That perhaps I will accept.

  37. Hierarchical ordering: IL/RL Perhaps (σp) I will (πep) accept that. That (RContrast) perhaps (σp) I will (πep) accept. PI PI+1 PM PM+1 PM+2 Perhaps I will accept that. PI PI+1 PI+2 PM PM+1 That perhaps I will accept.

  38. Phrases the (πR) three (πx) pairs of (πf) shoes that you bought PI PF --- ---

  39. Phrases the (πR) three (πx) pairs of (πf) shoes that you bought PI PI+1 PF the --- ---

  40. Phrases the (πR) three (πx) pairs of (πf) shoes that you bought PI PI+1 PI+2 PF the three --- ---

  41. Phrases the (πR) three (πx) pairs of (πf) shoes that you bought PI PI+1 PI+2 PI+3 PF the three pairs_of --- ---

  42. Phrases the (πR) three (πx) pairs of (πf) shoes that you bought PI PI+1 PI+2 PI+3 PI+4 PF the three pairs_of shoes --- ---

  43. Phrases the (πR) three (πx) pairs of (πf) shoes that you bought PI PI+1 PI+2 PI+3 PI+4 PF-1 PF the three pairs_of shoes --- --- that you bought

  44. Words Manuel ano fi-nu(πe)-ti(πC)-e(πF). Manuel food eat-PERC-REP-DECL ‘They say Manuel ate.’ PF ---

  45. Words Manuel ano fi-nu(πe)-ti(πC)-e(πF). Manuel food eat-PERC-REP-DECL ‘They say Manuel ate.’ PF-1 PF --- -e

  46. Words Manuel ano fi-nu(πe)-ti(πC)-e(πF). Manuel food eat-PERC-REP-DECL ‘They say Manuel ate..’ PF-2 PF-1 PF --- -ti -e

  47. Words Manuel ano fi-nu(πe)-ti(πC)-e(πF). Manuel food eat-PERC-REP-DECL ‘They say Manuel ate.’ PF-3 PF-2 PF-1 PF -- -nu -ti -e

  48. Words Manuel ano fi-nu(πe)-ti(πC)-e(πF). Manuel food eat-PERC-REP-DECL ‘They say Manuel ate.’ PF-4 PF-3 PF-2 PF-1 PF --- fi -nu -ti -e

  49. 2. Classical constituent order typology

  50. S, O, and V • Classical clausal constituent order typology focuses on the position of S, O, and V in transitive clauses • This is problematic by itself, as S, O, nor V are universal (nor are, perhaps, transitive clauses) • I therefore rather use Predicate, Actor and Undergoer as the basic notions • Six patterns in classical constituent order typology: VSO, SVO, SOV, VOS, OVS, OSV

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