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Covalent Bonds

Covalent Bonds. Sharing Electrons. What is an ionic bond? The a bond between cations and anions. Quick Review. Cations and Anions?. Cation-an ion with a positive charge. Easy way to remember: cation has a “t,” which looks like a + sign. Anion-an ion with a negative charge.

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Covalent Bonds

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  1. Covalent Bonds Sharing Electrons

  2. What is an ionic bond? • The a bond between cations and anions. Quick Review

  3. Cations and Anions? • Cation-an ion with a positive charge. • Easy way to remember: cation has a “t,” which looks like a + sign.

  4. Anion-an ion with a negative charge. • Easy way to remember: think “A N” for “a negative” ion. Cations and Anions?

  5. Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Cl- Cl- Why do ionic bonds form? • There is an attraction between positive and negative ions.

  6. How do elements bond if they don’t have opposite charges? Elements can share electrons to form a covalent bond.

  7. Covalent? • Co- means to share.. • -valent refers to valence electrons… • “Covalent” means “sharing valence electrons.”

  8. e- e- P+ P+ A Simple Covalent Bond Two Hydrogen Atoms Each has one valence electron, each needs 2 to be stable.

  9. To get 2 electrons each, they share. e- e- P+ P+ The chemical formula for this molecule is  H2

  10. Two hydrogen atoms form a diatomic (two atom) molecule. Molecule: a neutral group of atoms joined together by one or more covalent bonds.

  11. How to remember diatomic molecules. 35 53 Br I IBrought Clay For Our New House

  12. Properties of Covalently Bonded Molecules • Occur between two or more NONMETALS. • Do not conduct electricity. • Have lower melting and boiling points than ionic compounds.

  13. Ions are needed to conduct electricity • Ionic compounds vs Covalent compounds

  14. Why is the hydrogen molecule neutral? e- e- P+ P+ Two Protons It has two protons (one from each atom) and two electrons (one from each atom). Two Electrons

  15. What keeps the hydrogen atoms together in the molecule? e- e- P+ P+ The attractions between the shared electrons and the protons in each nucleus.

  16. Let’s Review Is it ionic or covalent? NaCl (salt--mineral halite) H2O (water) C6H12O6 (sugar) CaCO3 (mineral calcite) FeS2 (mineral pyrite) H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) CO2 (carbon dioxide) PbS (mineral galena) CaSO4 (mineral gypsum) Ionic (Na is a metal) Covalent (both nonmetals) Covalent (all nonmetals) Ionic (Ca is a metal) Ionic (Fe is a metal) Covalent (both nonmetals) Covalent (both nonmetals) Ionic (Pb is a metal) Ionic (Ca is a metal)

  17. Let’s Review Would it conduct electricity? NaCl (salt--mineral halite) H2O (water) C6H12O6 (sugar) CaCO3 (mineral calcite) FeS2 (mineral pyrite) H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) CO2 (carbon dioxide) PbS (mineral galena) CaSO4 (mineral gypsum) Yes- Ionic No-Covalent No- Covalent Yes- Ionic Yes- Ionic No- Covalent No- covalent Yes- Ionic Yes-Ionic

  18. Covalent Songs & Tutorial • Covalent Song #1 • Covalent Song #2 • Covalent Bonding Tutorial

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