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POETRY by Hardono

POETRY by Hardono. How to Read a Poem: Read the poem aloud and try to catch the speaker’s tone of voice. Pay attention the group of lines and don’t stop in each line. Read the poem a second and a third time Try to use a standard dictionary. IMAGERY. An image is a sense experience.

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POETRY by Hardono

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  1. POETRY by Hardono How to Read a Poem: Read the poem aloud and try to catch the speaker’s tone of voice. Pay attention the group of lines and don’t stop in each line. Read the poem a second and a third time Try to use a standard dictionary.

  2. IMAGERY An image is a sense experience. An imagery is a representation in words of sense experiences. Kinds of Imagery: • Visual Imagery • Auditory Imagery • Internal Sensation (Feeling) • Olfactory Imagery (Smell) • Tactile Imagery

  3. WORD MEANING There are two meanings: • Denotative meaning is the reasonable, intellectual meaning or the meaning you can find in dictionary. • Connotative meaning is the imaginative, emotional meaning or the meaning you can’t find in dictionary. Rainbow My heart leaps up when I behold A rainbow in the sky So was it when my life began So is it now I am a man; So be it when I shall grow old, Or let me die!

  4. FIGURES OF SPEECH Figures of speech is a departure from the ordinary form of expression or the ordinary course of ideas in order to produce a greater effect(Martin, 1981: 488) Kinds of Figures of Speech: 1. SIMILE Simile is the comparison of two unlike things by use of like,as, so, appear, seem, more than. For Example: O my luve, is like a red, red rose, That’s newly sprung in June. O my luve is like melodie That’s sweetly played in tune

  5. 2. METAPHOR Metaphor is an implied simile. It does not, like the simple, state one thing is like another or acts as another, but takes that for granted and proceeds as if the two things were one(Martin, 1981: 489) For Example: You are a tulip seen to-day, But, dearest, of so short a stay That were you grew scarce man can say You are a lovely July-flower, Yet one rude wind or ruffling shower Will force you hence, and in an hour

  6. 3. PERSONIFICATION Personification consists in giving the attributes of a human being to an animal, an object, or idea. Personification is a subtype of metaphor (Perrine, 1983:574) For example: The old train crept along the narrow path Shakespeare Flames ate the house Shakespeare

  7. 4 APOSTROPHE Apostrophe is a way of addressing someone or something invisible or not ordinarily spoken to (Kennedy, 2005: 540) For example: “Oh anginmalam, bawadakukepadanya” Broery Milton! Thon shoudst be living at this hour Wordsworth Sweet Thames! Run softly till I end my song Donne

  8. 5. HYPERBOLE Hyperbole is emphasizing a point with a statement thousand times (Kennedy, 2005: 541) For example: “I ‘ve told him a thousand times.” Why , man, if the River were dry, I am able to fill it with tears. And I will luve thee still, my dear, Till a ‘the seas gang dry. Robert Burns

  9. 6. SYNECDOCHE Synecdoche is the use of a thing to stand for the whole of it or vice versa (Kennedy, 2005: 541) For example: He has many mouths to feed A hundred wings flashed by

  10. 6. PARADOX Paradox is an apparent contradiction that is nevertheless somehow true (Perrine, 1974: 649) For example: And Death shall be no more; Death thou shalt die John Donne

  11. SYMBOL Symbol is defined as something that means more than what it is (Perrine, 1974: 628). Symbols seldom have a definite meaning. For example: A Lily may symbolize purity and calm beauty to one person, but may symbolize death to another person. Some dirty dogs stole my wallet at bus

  12. METER Meter is a pattern of stressed(accented) sound. • Metrical Feet a. Iamb (adjective: iambic b. Trochee (trochaic) c. Anapest (anapestic) d. Dactyl (dactylic) e. Spondee (spondaic) f. Pyrrhic • Metrical Lines -Monometer, dimeter, trimeter, tetrameter, pentameter, hexameter, heptameter, octameter.

  13. Patterns of Sound Rhyme is the repetition of the identical or similar stressed sound or sounds- is not. • Perfect, or exact rhyme: (foe- toe; meet-fleet; buffer-rougher). • Half rhyme: (soul-oil; mirth-forth; trolley-bully). • Eye rhyme: (cough-bough). • Masculine rhyme: (stark-mark; support-retort). • Feminine rhyme: (revival-arrival; flatter-batter). • Triple rhyme: (machinery-scenery; tenderly-slendery). • End rhyme

  14. 8. Internal rhyme : (cell-dwell). 9. Alliteration: (“after life’s fitful fever”). 10. Assonance: (tide and hide are rhymes, tide and mine are assonantal). 11. Consonance: (fail-feel; rough-roof).

  15. STANZAIC PATTERNS Lines of poetry are commonly arranged in a rhythmical unit called a stanza. • Couplet: a stanza of two lines. • Heroic couplet: a rhyming couplet of iambic pentameter. • Triplet (or tercet): a three-line stanza. • Quatrain: a four-line stanza. • Sonnet: a fourteen-line poem.

  16. BLANK VERSE AND FREE VERSE Blank verse is an unrhymed of English poetry.

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