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SSWH9

SSWH9. The student will analyze change and continuity in the renaissance and reformation. RENAISSANCE:. 1300-1600 Means “rebirth” in Classical learning & arts (Greeks & Romans) Transition from medieval times to early modern world Began in Florence, Italy

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SSWH9

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  1. SSWH9 The student will analyze change and continuity in the renaissance and reformation.

  2. RENAISSANCE: • 1300-1600 • Means “rebirth” in Classical learning & arts (Greeks & Romans) • Transition from medieval times to early modern world • Began in Florence, Italy 1. center of Roman Empire (art & architecture) 2. encouraged trade with Muslim world 3. large merchant class

  3. MEDICI FAMILY: • Lived in Florence • Ran government • Patrons (financial supporter) of the arts • Helped to support poets, artists, architects, scientists

  4. HUMANISM: Intellectual movement that focused on studying Greek and Roman Classics in order to better understand the world Petrarch Poet and scholar who is called the “Father of Humanism” Organized a library of Greek & Roman works.

  5. RENAISSANCE WRITERS: • Wrote about curiosity & interests in humans • Focused on philosophy, humanism, literature, men & women achieving success • DANTE: * The Divine Comedy *Journey through hell & purgatory *Summarizes Christian ethics; shows how people’s actions in life determine their fate in afterlife

  6. RENAISSANCE WRITERS: • ERASMUS: • Humanist writer who encouraged people to be open-minded and show good will toward others. • Encouraged the Bible to be translated from Latin into the vernacular (language of the people) • Disturbed by corruption in Catholic Church

  7. RENAISSANCE WRITERS: • Machiavelli • The Prince • Describes how a ruler can gain & retain power through both honesty & deception • The end justifies the means: use whatever means necessary to achieve goals • Being feared is more important than being loved if a leader has to choose between the two. PAGE 417

  8. RENAISSANCE ART & ARCHITECTURE:

  9. RENAISSANCE ART: • Realistic- based off ancient Greco-Roman influences • Subjects • famous & wealthy individuals who commissioned (paid for) paintings/sculptures • Christian stories and individuals • Greek & Roman subjects

  10. LEONARDO DA VINCI: • Sketched nature & dissected corpses • Paintings filled with realism • Considered the “Renaissance Man” (painter, sculptor, engineer, architect); expert at many things

  11. MONA LISA

  12. THE LAST SUPPER:

  13. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfL5f6cZlk8&ytsession=RvUZ2_2FbFsg5X5opAifQ4DKBZgxPt3q-l9mZ7nu0JdMPfekPtJ4Hq5UKgdze9zlBv0qkShCGkrj7OhatMQK1vQ38bzw4I6waLSzhJlmJJ-1MAeh8MXOZ1mb786ndfjVDkViop-2SI_E_oMSqKXkSX6CiwyFCCnEJNmnCzb0tga7EBrdpigKNVHe57o9PO1PJrQtG1jbuicmaMZ0o-mJSd8BYffcU7iJ-jkjuVl1Jn289eJ_0g5j_z87yd6NE2A2CSpRH4u5zB1mrALdhMP_cRCQtOPyGzX4xslxxXUQlqI2yF_NSCzObmuzJQ3WmjfdTMv_Rp7WO-Yhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfL5f6cZlk8&ytsession=RvUZ2_2FbFsg5X5opAifQ4DKBZgxPt3q-l9mZ7nu0JdMPfekPtJ4Hq5UKgdze9zlBv0qkShCGkrj7OhatMQK1vQ38bzw4I6waLSzhJlmJJ-1MAeh8MXOZ1mb786ndfjVDkViop-2SI_E_oMSqKXkSX6CiwyFCCnEJNmnCzb0tga7EBrdpigKNVHe57o9PO1PJrQtG1jbuicmaMZ0o-mJSd8BYffcU7iJ-jkjuVl1Jn289eJ_0g5j_z87yd6NE2A2CSpRH4u5zB1mrALdhMP_cRCQtOPyGzX4xslxxXUQlqI2yF_NSCzObmuzJQ3WmjfdTMv_Rp7WO-Y

  14. MICHELANGELO: • Sculptor, painter, engineer, architect, poet • Created the state of David • Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (4 years to complete) • Designed St. Peter’s Cathedral (Rome)

  15. ST. PETER’S CATHEDRAL:

  16. RENAISSANCE IDEAS SPREAD: • Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press • Printed the first complete edition of the Bible with moveable type • Many changes: 1. printed books were cheaper/easier to produce 2. more books available 3. more people learned to read 4. new ideas & places

  17. LEGACY OF THE RENAISSANCE: • Church not as powerful • After the spread of books, people began questioning things (religion, politics, social structures)

  18. REFORMATION: • 1500’s: religious movement that affected Christians at all levels of society • Church was abusing its power: *competed with kings for political power *led lavish lives *increased fees for services *indulgences • Erasmus & other Christian Humanists began to push for reform (changes)

  19. MARTIN LUTHER: • 1517: German monk & professor that started the Protestant Reformation • 95 Theses • Luther’s criticisms of the Church • Nailed them to the door of the Church that he was pastor at in Germany • Spread quickly

  20. LUTHER’S TEACHINGS: Indulgences were not found in the bible Pope had no authority to release souls from purgatory Christians could be saved only through faith Church could only be reformed by a non-Church authority Bible is the only source of truth; people can read & interpret Bible themselves Is excommunicated

  21. * Luther popular b/c society is unhappy Protestants* Christian group formed by supporters of Luther; Based off of Luther’s teachings http://www.history.com/topics/martin-luther-and-the-95-theses/videos#martin-luther-sparks-a-revolution

  22. JOHN CALVIN: • Church Reformer who lived in Switzerland • Predestination • Belief that salvation was determined by God before a person was born • Calvinism

  23. CATHOLIC/COUNTER REFORMATION: • 1530S-1540S: Pope wants to revive the authority of the Church; wants to end corruption in the Church also • Council of Trent (1545): *20 years *reaffirmed traditional Catholic views *salvation through faith & good works *Bible not the only source *indulgences valid, unless sold for wrong reasons

  24. JESUITS: • Means “Society of Jesus” • Group of crusaders that defended and spread Catholic faith • Set up schools • Converts & missions • Stop Protestantism

  25. LEGACY OF CATHOLIC REFORMATION: • Majority of people remained Catholic • Church abuses were reduced • However, Protestantism began to spread throughout Europe • Still divides Europe on different interpretations of Christianity

  26. CHRISTIANITY 1054: Great Schism Baptist Eastern Orthodox Roman Catholic Church of Christ 1517: Protestant Reformation Episcopal Church of God Methodist Lutheranism Presbyterian Calvinism

  27. ENGLISH REFORMATION: • Henry VIII • King of England • Wanted a divorce from his first wife because she had not given birth to a son • Only sons could inherit the throne • Without a son, England would be in chaos after Henry’s death • Since England was Catholic, only the Pope could grant a divorce • The Pope said no.

  28. Henry VIII decided to make himself the head of the Church of England instead of the Pope. Beheaded Divorced Beheaded Divorced Survived Died

  29. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQIqma8jeyM

  30. ELIZABETH • Elizabeth I • Henry VIII’s daughter • Made the Church of England Anglican • Compromise between Protestant and Catholic

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